Left laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in the presence of a duplicated inferior vena cava with complicated anomalous tributaries by a transmesocolic approach.

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy should be executed under the most fundamental principle of early ligature of the renal artery to prevent diffusion of cancerous cells. This is extremely true in the treatment of large renal tumors touching the main renal vasculature. Obviously, the concomitance of a duplicated inferior vena cava (IVC) with associated aberrant tributaries will significantly increase the surgical difficulty and the procedural risk of vascular injury. Herein we describe a transperitoneal left laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for a large hilar left renal tumor in the presence of a duplicated IVC with complicated anomalous tributaries by a transmesocolic approach.