Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Parasit Vectors. 2012 May 19;5:95. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-95.
Car tires are important habitats for mosquito development because of the high density populations they can harbor and their presence in urban settings. Water in experimental tires was treated with one of three insecticides or an untreated control. Aquatic invertebrates were sampled at weekly intervals. Eggs, larval and pupal samples were laboratory-reared to estimate seasonal fluctuations in Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus abundance.
Spinosad treatments at 1 or 5 ppm (mg a.i./liter) provided 6-8 weeks of effective control of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Culex quinquefasiatus and Cx. coronator larvae, both in the dry season and the rainy season when mosquito populations increased markedly in southern Mexico. Spinosad continued to provide partial control of larvae for several weeks after initial recolonization of treated tires. The larvicidal performance of VectoBac 12AS (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis) was relatively poor with one week of complete control of Aedes spp. larvae and no discernible control of Culex spp., whereas the duration of larvicidal activity of 1% temephos mineral-based granules was intermediate between those of VectoBac and spinosad treatments. Populations of chironomids, ostracods and Toxorhynchites theobaldi were generally reduced in spinosad and temephos treatments, but were similar in control and VectoBac treatments.
The present study is the first to report spinosad as an effective larvicide against Cx. coronator, which is currently invading the southern United States. These results substantiate the use of spinosad as a highly effective mosquito larvicide, even in habitats such as unused car tires that can represent prolific sources of adult mosquitoes.
汽车轮胎是蚊子发育的重要栖息地，因为它们可以容纳高密度的种群，并且存在于城市环境中。实验用轮胎中的水用三种杀虫剂中的一种或未处理的对照处理。每周间隔采集水生无脊椎动物样本。将卵、幼虫和蛹样本在实验室中培养，以估计埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊丰度的季节性波动。
在 1 或 5 ppm（mg a.i./升）的斯普诺沙处理为有效控制埃及伊蚊、白纹伊蚊、库蚊和库蚊幼虫提供了 6-8 周的时间，无论是在旱季还是雨季，当蚊子在墨西哥南部显著增加时。斯普诺沙在最初重新殖民处理轮胎后的几周内仍能对幼虫提供部分控制。VectoBac 12AS（苏云金芽孢杆菌 var. israelensis）的杀幼虫性能相对较差，可完全控制埃及伊蚊幼虫一周，而对库蚊无明显控制，而 1%灭多威矿物基颗粒的杀幼虫活性持续时间介于 VectoBac 和斯普诺沙处理之间。摇蚊、介形类动物和 Toxorhynchites theobaldi 的种群通常在斯普诺沙和灭多威处理中减少，但在对照和 VectoBac 处理中相似。
本研究首次报道斯普诺沙是一种有效的库蚊幼虫杀虫剂，库蚊目前正在入侵美国南部。这些结果证实了斯普诺沙作为一种高效的蚊子幼虫杀虫剂的使用，即使在未使用的汽车轮胎等栖息地，这些栖息地也可以成为成蚊的重要来源。
