McDonald James E, Rooks David J, McCarthy Alan J
School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, United Kingdom.
Methods Enzymol. 2012;510:349-74. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-415931-0.00019-7.
The biodegradation of lignocellulose, the most abundant organic material in the biosphere, is a feature of many aerobic, facultatively anaerobic and obligately anaerobic bacteria and fungi. Despite widely recognized difficulties in the isolation and cultivation of individual microbial species from complex microbial populations and environments, significant progress has been made in recovering cellulolytic taxa from a range of ecological niches including the human, herbivore, and termite gut, and terrestrial, aquatic, and managed environments. Knowledge of cellulose-degrading microbial taxa is of significant importance with respect to nutrition, biodegradation, biotechnology, and the carbon-cycle, providing insights into the metabolism, physiology, and functional enzyme systems of the cellulolytic bacteria and fungi that are responsible for the largest flow of carbon in the biosphere. In this chapter, several strategies employed for the isolation and cultivation of cellulolytic microorganisms from oxic and anoxic environments are described.
木质纤维素是生物圈中最丰富的有机物质，许多需氧菌、兼性厌氧菌和专性厌氧菌以及真菌都具有降解木质纤维素的特性。尽管从复杂的微生物群落和环境中分离和培养单个微生物物种存在公认的困难，但在从包括人类、食草动物和白蚁肠道以及陆地、水生和人工管理环境在内的一系列生态位中回收纤维素分解类群方面已经取得了重大进展。了解纤维素降解微生物类群在营养、生物降解、生物技术和碳循环方面具有重要意义，有助于深入了解纤维素分解细菌和真菌的代谢、生理学和功能性酶系统，这些微生物负责生物圈中最大的碳流动。本章描述了从有氧和缺氧环境中分离和培养纤维素分解微生物所采用的几种策略。
