Leschine S B
Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003-5720, USA.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1995;49:399-426. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.002151.
In anaerobic environments rich in decaying plant material, the decomposition of cellulose is brought about by complex communities of interacting microorganisms. Because the substrate, cellulose, is insoluble, bacterial and fungal degradation occurs exocellularly, either in association with the outer cell envelope layer or extracellularly. Products of cellulose hydrolysis are available as carbon and energy sources for other microbes that inhabit environments in which cellulose is biodegraded, and this availability forms the basis of many microbial interactions that occur in these environments. This review discusses interactions among members of cellulose-decomposing microbial communities in various environments. It considers cellulose decomposing communities in soils, sediments, and aquatic environments, as well as those that degrade cellulose in association with animals. These microbial communities contribute significantly to the cycling of carbon on a global scale.
在富含腐烂植物物质的厌氧环境中，纤维素的分解是由相互作用的微生物组成的复杂群落完成的。由于底物纤维素不溶于水，细菌和真菌的降解发生在细胞外，要么与细胞外被层相关联，要么在细胞外进行。纤维素水解产物可作为碳源和能源供其他栖息于纤维素被生物降解环境中的微生物利用，这种可利用性构成了这些环境中发生的许多微生物相互作用的基础。本综述讨论了各种环境中纤维素分解微生物群落成员之间的相互作用。它考虑了土壤、沉积物和水生环境中的纤维素分解群落，以及与动物相关联降解纤维素的群落。这些微生物群落在全球范围内对碳循环有重大贡献。
