Marti B, Howald H
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1990 Oct;69(4):1451-9. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1990.69.4.1451.
We studied 15-yr changes in physical training, subcutaneous fat, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) in male former elite athletes (27 long-distance runners and 9 bobsledders) and in a control group of 23 normal men. In 1973, elite athletes all trained vigorously, whereas in 1988 there was a great interindividual variation in physical training. In the lowest tertile of runners' training activity in 1988 (n = 9), the rate of decline in VO2max during the 15 yr was 1.11 +/- 0.15 (SE) ml.kg-1.min-1.yr-1, or 16% per decade, whereas the most active quintile of runners (n = 5) tended to increase VO2max (NS). The remaining 13 runners showed a rate of decline in VO2max of 0.54 +/- 0.14 ml.kg-1.min-1.yr-1, or 7% per decade. The rates of decline were 0.22 +/- 0.12 and 0.56 +/- 0.10 ml.kg-1.min-1.yr-1, or 5 and 11% per decade, in bobsledders and controls, respectively. When normalized for lean body mass instead of body weight, VO2max showed a reduced variability in the rate of decline, with values ranging from 0.00 +/- 0.27 (most active runners) to 0.69 +/- 0.15 ml.kg lean body mass-1.min-1.yr-1 (least active runners). In multiple linear regression analysis, 15-yr changes in mileage, running pace, and truncal fat together explained 51% of variance in the 15-yr change of VO2max normalized for body weight in runners and 41% in all study men. In runners, change in truncal fat was dependent on changes in both mileage and running pace. In the presence of physical training and anthropometric variables in the regression equation, the 15-yr decrease in maximum heart rate was only modestly predictive of the change in VO2max.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
我们研究了男性前精英运动员（27名长跑运动员和9名雪橇运动员）以及23名正常男性组成的对照组在15年里体育锻炼、皮下脂肪和最大耗氧量（VO2 max）的变化情况。1973年时，精英运动员都进行高强度训练，而到了1988年，体育锻炼的个体差异很大。在1988年跑步运动员训练活动处于最低三分位数的人群（n = 9）中，15年间VO2 max的下降速率为1.11±0.15（SE）ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹·年⁻¹，即每十年下降16%，而跑步运动员中最活跃的五分位数人群（n = 5）VO2 max有增加趋势（无统计学意义）。其余13名跑步运动员VO2 max的下降速率为0.54±0.14 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹·年⁻¹，即每十年下降7%。雪橇运动员和对照组的下降速率分别为0.22±0.12和0.56±0.10 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹·年⁻¹，即每十年分别下降5%和11%。若以瘦体重而非体重进行标准化，VO2 max下降速率的变异性降低，数值范围从0.00±0.27（最活跃的跑步运动员）到0.69±0.15 ml·kg瘦体重⁻¹·min⁻¹·年⁻¹（最不活跃的跑步运动员）。在多元线性回归分析中，跑步里程、跑步速度和躯干脂肪的15年变化共同解释了跑步运动员中以体重标准化的VO2 max 15年变化方差的51%，在所有研究男性中为41%。在跑步运动员中，躯干脂肪的变化取决于跑步里程和跑步速度的变化。在回归方程中加入体育锻炼和人体测量学变量后，最大心率的15年下降对VO2 max变化的预测作用仅为中等程度。（摘要截短至250字）
