Mayers N, Gutin B
Med Sci Sports. 1979 Summer;11(2):172-6.
Eight elite cross-country runners and eight normally active boys 8--11 years of age were studied. The runners were selected on the basis of success in regional and/or national championships. Two of them had the first to third fastest mile run times for their age groups in the U.S. for three years. Tests included submaximal and maximal treadmill runs, an anaerobic capacity bicycle test, a mile run, and various anthropometric measures. A best career mile run (BCM) was used for comparisons within the running group. At submaximal work levels of 5.6 and 7 mph (124, 161, and 187 meters/min) the values for heart rate (HR) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) were significantly lower for the runners than for the non-runners. The VO2max of the runners (56.6 ml kg min) was significantly higher than that of the non-runners (46.0 ml kg min). For all subjects combined, mile run time was highly correlated with percent VO2max and percent max HR at all submaximal running speeds (r greater than 0.8). The correlation coefficient between mile run time and VO2max was -0.88. Within the running group, however, BCM was unrelated to VO2max but was closely related to percent VO2max at 8 mph (213 meters/min) with 4 = 0.86, and to anaerobic capacity (r = -0.88). There were no significant differences between the groups in age, height, weight, max HR, and percent body fat. Thus the runners had higher aerobic and anaerobic capacities, and greater utilization of fat as an enrgy sustrate during submaximal work. Within the running group, anaerobic capacity and running economy were closely related to BCM time, whereas VO2max was not.
对8名精英越野跑运动员和8名8至11岁的正常活跃男孩进行了研究。这些跑步运动员是根据在地区和/或全国锦标赛中的成绩挑选出来的。其中两人连续三年在美国同年龄组中拥有最快的一英里跑成绩，排名前三。测试包括次最大强度和最大强度的跑步机跑步、无氧能力自行车测试、一英里跑以及各种人体测量指标。在跑步组内，使用最佳职业生涯一英里跑成绩（BCM）进行比较。在5.6英里/小时和7英里/小时（124、161和187米/分钟）的次最大工作强度下，跑步运动员的心率（HR）和呼吸交换率（R）值显著低于非跑步运动员。跑步运动员的最大摄氧量（56.6毫升/千克·分钟）显著高于非跑步运动员（46.0毫升/千克·分钟）。对于所有受试者，在所有次最大跑步速度下，一英里跑时间与最大摄氧量百分比和最大心率百分比高度相关（r大于0.8）。一英里跑时间与最大摄氧量之间的相关系数为-0.88。然而，在跑步组内，BCM与最大摄氧量无关，但与8英里/小时（213米/分钟）时的最大摄氧量百分比密切相关（r = 0.86），与无氧能力相关（r = -0.88）。两组在年龄、身高、体重、最大心率和体脂百分比方面没有显著差异。因此，跑步运动员具有更高的有氧和无氧能力，并且在次最大工作期间更能将脂肪作为能量底物加以利用。在跑步组内，无氧能力和跑步经济性与BCM时间密切相关，而最大摄氧量则不然。
