Breadmore Helen L, Olson Andrew C, Krott Andrea
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2012;65(11):2169-92. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2012.684694. Epub 2012 May 25.
The present study examines deaf and hearing children's spelling of plural nouns. Severe literacy impairments are well documented in the deaf, which are believed to be a consequence of phonological awareness limitations. Fifty deaf (mean chronological age 13;10 years, mean reading age 7;5 years) and 50 reading-age-matched hearing children produced spellings of regular, semiregular, and irregular plural nouns in Experiment 1 and nonword plurals in Experiment 2. Deaf children performed reading-age appropriately on rule-based (regular and semiregular) plurals but were significantly less accurate at spelling irregular plurals. Spelling of plural nonwords and spelling error analyses revealed clear evidence for use of morphology. Deaf children used morphological generalization to a greater degree than their reading-age-matched hearing counterparts. Also, hearing children combined use of phonology and morphology to guide spelling, whereas deaf children appeared to use morphology without phonological mediation. Therefore, use of morphology in spelling can be independent of phonology and is available to the deaf despite limited experience with spoken language. Indeed, deaf children appear to be learning about morphology from the orthography. Education on more complex morphological generalization and exceptions may be highly beneficial not only for the deaf but also for other populations with phonological awareness limitations.
本研究考察了聋童和听力正常儿童对复数名词的拼写。严重的读写障碍在聋童中已有充分记录，人们认为这是语音意识受限的结果。在实验1中，50名聋童（实际年龄平均为13岁10个月，阅读年龄平均为7岁5个月）和50名阅读年龄匹配的听力正常儿童对规则、半规则和不规则复数名词进行了拼写，在实验2中对非词复数进行了拼写。聋童在基于规则（规则和半规则）的复数拼写方面表现与阅读年龄相符，但在拼写不规则复数时准确性明显较低。复数非词的拼写和拼写错误分析揭示了使用词法的明确证据。聋童比阅读年龄匹配的听力正常儿童更广泛地使用词法泛化。此外，听力正常的儿童结合使用语音和词法来指导拼写，而聋童似乎在没有语音中介的情况下使用词法。因此，词法在拼写中的使用可以独立于语音，并且尽管聋童在口语方面经验有限，但他们也能使用词法。事实上，聋童似乎正在从正字法中学习词法。关于更复杂的词法泛化和例外情况的教育不仅可能对聋童非常有益，而且对其他语音意识受限的人群也可能非常有益。
