Nchinda E C, Tagny C T, Mbanya D
Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Transfus Med. 2012 Aug;22(4):257-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2012.01161.x. Epub 2012 May 27.
Blood availability is an issue of concern in countries of sub-Saharan Africa where both the demand and discard rates of blood are high. Although some degree of attention is paid when transfusion reactions occur in recipients, no information is available on donor reactions in this setting.
This study was carried out in order to obtain some data on adverse reactions (ARs) to blood donations. It would make it possible to monitor and improve the safety of the donation procedure, which constitutes a strategy towards increasing donor supply by encouraging first-time donors to return in the absence of any negative outcomes of donation.
A hospital blood bank-based descriptive and prospective study was carried out to document ARs among 1034 blood donors from September 2010 to January 2011. A pre-structured data collection tool was used to record the signs and symptoms observed.
The ARs occurred at a rate of 2.8%. The most frequent reaction was hypotension which constituted 26.62% of all ARs. Haematomas represented 18.42% while weakness and dizziness were each noted in 13.16% of donors. There was no severe vasovagal reaction. Associated factors to vasovagal reactions were first-time donor status (P = 0.004), female sex (P = 0.01) and low body weight (P = 0.02).
Our results suggest that blood donation is a relatively safe procedure in our context. The frequency is higher than studies from developed countries. The association of AR with first-time blood donation needs to be verified in a larger study. However, it could suggest another benefit of regular blood donation.
在撒哈拉以南非洲国家，血液供应是一个令人担忧的问题，这些国家的血液需求和废弃率都很高。虽然受血者发生输血反应时会受到一定程度的关注，但在这种情况下，关于献血者反应的信息却无从获取。
开展本研究以获取有关献血不良反应（ARs）的一些数据。这将有助于监测和改善献血程序的安全性，这是一种通过鼓励首次献血者在没有任何负面献血结果的情况下再次献血来增加献血者供应的策略。
2010年9月至2011年1月，在一家医院血库开展了一项基于描述性和前瞻性的研究，记录1034名献血者中的ARs。使用预先构建的数据收集工具记录观察到的体征和症状。
ARs的发生率为2.8%。最常见的反应是低血压，占所有ARs的26.62%。血肿占18.42%，而13.16%的献血者出现虚弱和头晕。没有严重的血管迷走神经反应。血管迷走神经反应的相关因素包括首次献血者身份（P = 0.004）、女性（P = 0.01）和低体重（P = 0.02）。
我们的结果表明，在我们的背景下，献血是一个相对安全的程序。其发生率高于发达国家的研究。AR与首次献血之间的关联需要在更大规模的研究中得到验证。然而，这可能表明定期献血的另一个好处。
