Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, C/ Ronda Norte, s/n, ES-21005 Huelva, Spain.
Clin Transl Oncol. 2012 Jun;14(6):413-22. doi: 10.1007/s12094-012-0818-y.
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a major determinant of quality of life in cancer patients. In addition, the perceptions that oncology professionals have about CINV quite often do not coincide with reality. Antineoplastic agents and their combinations can be categorised according to their emetogenic level, and this categorisation is helpful for classifying the severity of CINV and treating it. All CINV treatment guidelines emphasise the need to administer prophylaxis to patients who receive highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. With the introduction of NK1 receptor antagonists, the control of acute and delayed CINV after highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy schedules has improved in the great majority of patients. NK1 receptor antagonists have been demonstrated to improve the control of CINV in all risk subgroups of patients.
化疗引起的恶心和呕吐（CINV）是癌症患者生活质量的主要决定因素。此外，肿瘤专业人员对 CINV 的看法往往与现实不符。抗肿瘤药物及其组合可根据其致吐作用水平进行分类，这种分类有助于对 CINV 的严重程度进行分类和治疗。所有 CINV 治疗指南都强调，需要对接受高度或中度致吐性化疗的患者进行预防治疗。随着 NK1 受体拮抗剂的引入，在大多数患者中，高度或中度致吐性化疗方案后急性和迟发性 CINV 的控制得到了改善。NK1 受体拮抗剂已被证明可改善所有患者风险亚组的 CINV 控制。
