Piot P, Tezzo R
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1990;69:89-97.
As for several other infectious diseases, sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in many developing countries are characterized by a high incidence and prevalence, a high rate of complications and sequelae (particularly in women and neonates), a different clinical spectrum (more genital ulcer disease), and a severe problem of antimicrobial resistance (in N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis). In Africa, HIV is mainly spread heterosexually, resulting in a major problem vertically acquired HIV infection in children. STDs, in particular those associated with genital ulceration, are enhancing the efficiency of sexual transmission of HIV, and their high prevalence may partly explain the occurrence of a major heterosexual epidemic of HIV in Africa, as opposed to Europe. Factors contributing to the spread of STDs are to a large extent demographic, sociobehavioural and medical such as a larger pool of adolescents and young adults, prostitution, urban migration, indiscriminate use of antibiotics and inadequate medical facilities and STD control programmes. Programmes for the prevention and control of STD and AIDS should be an immediate priority in many developing countries.
至于其他几种传染病，许多发展中国家的性传播疾病（STD）具有以下特点：发病率和患病率高、并发症和后遗症发生率高（尤其是在妇女和新生儿中）、临床谱不同（更多的生殖器溃疡疾病）以及严重的抗菌药物耐药问题（在淋病奈瑟菌和沙眼衣原体方面）。在非洲，艾滋病毒主要通过异性传播，导致儿童垂直感染艾滋病毒成为一个重大问题。性传播疾病，特别是那些与生殖器溃疡相关的疾病，正在提高艾滋病毒的性传播效率，其高患病率可能部分解释了非洲与欧洲相比出现大规模异性传播艾滋病毒疫情的原因。导致性传播疾病传播的因素在很大程度上是人口统计学、社会行为学和医学方面的，例如青少年和年轻人数量较多、卖淫、城市移民、抗生素的滥用以及医疗设施和性传播疾病控制项目不足。在许多发展中国家，预防和控制性传播疾病及艾滋病的项目应立即成为优先事项。
