Andres Christine M, Fox Mary L, Kotov Nicholas A
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
Chem Mater. 2012 Jan 10;24(1):9-11. doi: 10.1021/cm2030069. Epub 2011 Dec 6.
The introduction of three-dimensional (3D) architecture to functional materials allows for the addition of unique characteristics such as special deformation patterns, negative Poison's ratio, negative thermal expansion, controlled biological interactions, and mass transport properties. It also aids in bridging the dimensional gap between layer-by-layer (LBL) assembled nanocomposites and macroscale applications while retaining the advantages of their nanoscale organization. Fabrication of 3D microscale features by traditional techniques are often restricted to a limited variety of materials and do not include hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites. This work describes a new method to synthesize macroscale materials with hierarchically controlled architecture by using LBL deposition in the voids of hexagonally packed arrays of uniform microspheres and can be potentially extended to a large variety of materials. Establishing systematic techniques to produce materials with hierarchical architecture involving nano-, micro-, and potentially millimeter scale features with fairly independent control at all levels, allows for the investigation of structural influences on material properties and for the development of new practical applications due to the unusual combinations of properties that can be achieved.
将三维（3D）结构引入功能材料，可以赋予材料独特的特性，如特殊的变形模式、负泊松比、负热膨胀、可控的生物相互作用以及质量传输特性。这也有助于弥合逐层（LBL）组装的纳米复合材料与宏观应用之间的尺寸差距，同时保留其纳米级组织的优势。用传统技术制造三维微观特征通常仅限于有限种类的材料，并且不包括有机-无机杂化纳米复合材料。这项工作描述了一种新方法，通过在均匀微球的六方密排阵列的空隙中使用LBL沉积来合成具有层次可控结构的宏观材料，并且该方法有可能扩展到多种材料。建立系统的技术来生产具有涉及纳米、微米以及潜在毫米尺度特征的层次结构的材料，并在各个层面进行相当独立的控制，这有助于研究结构对材料性能的影响，并由于可以实现的不寻常的性能组合而开发新的实际应用。
