Sieverdes John C, Sui Xuemei, Blair Steven N
University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC, USA.
J Sports Med Doping Stud. 2011 Nov 22;1(1). doi: 10.4172/2161-0673.1000102.
Habitual physical activity (PA) is associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness values, but additional information is needed on the contributions of specific types and amounts of PA. Therefore the main aim of this study was to analyze the heart and lung function of a large cohort of men and compare these outcomes with various modes and volumes of PA. METHODS: We used data from 30,594 men from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who were categorized into sedentary, swimmer, walker, and runner groups using self-report PA data collected during 1970-2005. Additional PA categories using MET-minutes/week were used to group men into 5 distinct levels of activity (0 MET-min, 1-499 MET-min, 500-999 MET-min, 1000-1499 MET-min, and ≥ 1500 MET-min). Each participant also completed a maximal treadmill exercise test to quantify their fitness level. Cross-sectional analyses included general linear modeling and multiple comparisons adjusted for age, smoking status, and histories of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension. RESULTS: A dose-response linear effect was found for heart function variables across PA MET-min categories. Stronger associations for resting heart rate (HR), heart rate recovery (HRR), exercise HR, and exercise blood pressure were found with the runner and swimming groups when compared to the walkers and sedentary groups. Walkers had significantly better heart function than the sedentary group but only about half the effect seen in the swimmers and runners. Lung function findings showed greater absolute values in FVC and FEV1 across PA categories, but found no difference in lung function ratios (e.g FEV1/FVC%). CONCLUSIONS: We found beneficial linear associations with resting HR, exercise HR, HRR, fitness values, FVC, and FEV1 over increasing MET-min categories. This implies that habitual PA, such as walking, but especially swimming and running, when performed with adequate volume, are viable ways to gain benefits for heart health.
习惯性身体活动（PA）与较高的心肺适能值相关，但需要更多关于特定类型和运动量的PA所起作用的信息。因此，本研究的主要目的是分析一大群男性的心肺功能，并将这些结果与不同模式和运动量的PA进行比较。
我们使用了来自有氧运动中心纵向研究的30594名男性的数据，根据1970年至2005年期间收集的自我报告PA数据，将他们分为久坐组、游泳组、步行组和跑步组。使用每周代谢当量分钟数的额外PA类别将男性分为5个不同的活动水平（0代谢当量分钟、1 - 499代谢当量分钟、500 - 999代谢当量分钟、1000 - 1499代谢当量分钟和≥1500代谢当量分钟）。每位参与者还完成了一次最大跑步机运动测试，以量化他们的体能水平。横断面分析包括一般线性模型和针对年龄、吸烟状况以及心肌梗死、中风、糖尿病和高血压病史进行调整的多重比较。
在PA代谢当量分钟类别中，发现心脏功能变量存在剂量反应线性效应。与步行组和久坐组相比，跑步组和游泳组在静息心率（HR）、心率恢复（HRR）、运动心率和运动血压方面有更强的关联。步行组的心脏功能明显优于久坐组，但仅约为游泳组和跑步组效果的一半。肺功能结果显示，在PA各类别中，用力肺活量（FVC）和第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）的绝对值更大，但肺功能比值（如FEV1/FVC%）没有差异。
我们发现，随着代谢当量分钟类别的增加，静息心率、运动心率、心率恢复、体能值、FVC和FEV1存在有益的线性关联。这意味着习惯性PA，如步行，但尤其是游泳和跑步，当进行足够的运动量时，是有益于心脏健康的可行方式。
