Inserm U954 (Institut National de la santé et de la Recherche Médicale), School of Medicine, Nancy, France.
BMC Public Health. 2012 May 29;12:387. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-387.
The natural history of occupational asthma (OA) is influenced by many determinants. This study aims to assess the combined roles of personal characteristics, including occupational exposure and nutritional habits, on the incidence of OA during the first years at work.
A nested case-control study was conducted within a retrospective cohort of young workers in the bakery, pastry-making and hairdressing sectors. Cases were subjects diagnosed as 'confirmed' or 'probable' OA consecutively to a medical visit (N = 31). Controls were subjects without OA (N = 196). Atopy was defined after blood specific IgE analysis, based on the PhadiatopTM test. Occupational exposure was characterized by standardized questionnaires and diet patterns by a food frequency questionnaire.
Among bakers and pastry-makers, only atopy is an independent risk factor of OA (OR = 10.07 95%CI [2.76 - 36.65]). Among hairdressers, several variables are associated with OA. Body mass index (unit OR = 1.24 [1.03 - 1.48]) and the score of exposure intensity (unit OR = 1.79 [1.05 - 3.05]) are independent predictors of OA, but the role of atopy is weak (OR = 4.94 [0.66 - 36.75]). Intake of vitamin A is higher among hairdressers cases (crude p = 0.002, adjusted p = 0.01 after control for body mass index and atopy); the same observation is made for vitamin D (crude p = 0.004, adjusted p = 0.01).
This study suggests that the influence of several factors on the incidence of OA, including dietary vitamins, might vary across exposure settings.
职业性哮喘（OA）的自然史受许多决定因素的影响。本研究旨在评估个人特征（包括职业暴露和营养习惯）在工作初期 OA 发病中的综合作用。
在面包店、糕点制作和美发行业的年轻工人回顾性队列中进行了嵌套病例对照研究。病例是在就诊时被诊断为“确诊”或“可能”OA 的受试者（n=31）。对照组为无 OA 的受试者（n=196）。过敏症通过血液特异性 IgE 分析，基于 PhadiatopTM 测试进行定义。职业暴露通过标准化问卷进行描述，饮食模式通过食物频率问卷进行描述。
在面包师和糕点师中，只有过敏症是 OA 的独立危险因素（OR=10.07 95%CI [2.76-36.65]）。在美发师中，几个变量与 OA 相关。体重指数（单位 OR=1.24 [1.03-1.48]）和暴露强度评分（单位 OR=1.79 [1.05-3.05]）是 OA 的独立预测因子，但过敏症的作用较弱（OR=4.94 [0.66-36.75]）。美发师病例组摄入的维生素 A 较高（未经调整的 p=0.002，调整后的 p=0.01，在控制体重指数和过敏症后）；同样观察到维生素 D（未经调整的 p=0.004，调整后的 p=0.01）。
本研究表明，包括膳食维生素在内的多种因素对 OA 发病率的影响可能因暴露环境而异。
