Mounier-Geyssant Estelle, Oury Véronique, Mouchot Lory, Paris Christophe, Zmirou-Navier Denis
INSERM Research unit ERI n degrees 11, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
Environ Health. 2006 Aug 7;5:23. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-5-23.
Few studies have investigated exposure of hairdressing apprentices to airborne irritants. This study describes exposure levels of apprentices to chemical products used in hairdressing salons in relation with their activity.
Following a two stages study design, a group of 300 students completed a questionnaire on their work activities and environment. Among these, a group of 28 subjects volunteered to undergo personal exposure and workplace concentrations measurements over a work shift, during a cold and a hot season, with the agreement of the salon owners. Three chemical substances were studied (ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and persulfates) because they are respiratory tract irritants and because their concentrations could be quantified within a 5 to 8 hour shift period.
Personal exposure values for H2O2 and NH3 (averages [standard deviations] are 0.05 [0.04] and 0.90 [0.76] mg.m(-3), respectively) were greater than workplace ambient air concentrations (corresponding values of 0.04 [0.03] and 0.68 [0.42] mg.m(-3)) for H2O2 and NH3, with no significant seasonal variation. By contrast, workplace concentrations of persulfates (0.019 [0.018] mg.m(-3)) were greater than personal exposure (0.016 [0.021] mg.m(-3), a finding that is consistent with the fact that bleaching is more often undertaken by senior hairdressers. However, all exposure values were lower than the current TLV TWA values. This study also shows that over half of technical spaces where chemical substances used for dying, permanenting or bleaching are manipulated, have no ventilation system, and not even a door or a window opening outside.
The study hairdressing salons, on average, were small, the most probable reason why occupational hygiene measures such as appropriate ventilation were too seldom implemented. As a consequence, young apprentices and senior hairdressers experience substantial exposure to known airways irritants.
很少有研究调查美发学徒接触空气中刺激性物质的情况。本研究描述了学徒接触美发沙龙中使用的化学产品的暴露水平及其活动情况。
按照两阶段研究设计，一组300名学生完成了一份关于其工作活动和环境的问卷。其中，一组28名受试者在美发沙龙老板同意的情况下，自愿在寒冷和炎热季节的一个工作班次内接受个人暴露和工作场所浓度测量。研究了三种化学物质（氨、过氧化氢和过硫酸盐），因为它们是呼吸道刺激物，并且其浓度可以在5至8小时的轮班期间进行量化。
过氧化氢（H2O2）和氨（NH3）的个人暴露值（平均值[标准差]分别为0.05[0.04]和0.90[0.76]mg.m(-3)）高于工作场所环境空气中过氧化氢和氨的浓度（相应值分别为0.04[0.03]和0.68[0.42]mg.m(-3)），且无明显季节变化。相比之下，过硫酸盐的工作场所浓度（0.019[0.018]mg.m(-3)）高于个人暴露值（0.016[0.021]mg.m(-3)），这一发现与资深美发师更常进行染发这一事实相符。然而，所有暴露值均低于当前的时间加权平均阈限值。本研究还表明，超过一半用于染发、烫发或漂白的化学物质操作的技术空间没有通风系统，甚至没有向外开启的门或窗户。
所研究的美发沙龙平均规模较小，这很可能是很少实施适当通风等职业卫生措施的原因。因此，年轻学徒和资深美发师会大量接触已知呼吸道刺激物。
