Headache Center, St Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
Neurol Sci. 2012 May;33 Suppl 1:S29-31. doi: 10.1007/s10072-012-1039-4.
Patients with chronic migraines are often refractory to medical treatment. Therefore, they might need other strategies to modulate their pain, according to their level of disability. Neuromodulation can be achieved with several tools: meditation, biofeedback, physical therapy, drugs and electric neurostimulation (ENS). ENS can be applied to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), either invasively (cortical or deep brain) or non-invasively [cranial electrotherapy stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation]. Among chronic primary headaches, cluster headaches are most often treated either through deep brain stimulation or occipital nerve stimulation because there is a high level of disability related to this condition. ENS, employed through several modalities such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, interferential currents and pulsed radiofrequency, has been applied to the peripheral nervous system at several sites. We briefly review the indications for the use of peripheral ENS at the site of the occipital nerves for the treatment of chronic migraine.
患有慢性偏头痛的患者通常对药物治疗无反应。因此，根据其残疾程度，他们可能需要其他策略来调节疼痛。神经调节可以通过几种工具来实现：冥想、生物反馈、物理疗法、药物和电神经刺激（ENS）。ENS 可应用于中枢神经系统（脑和脊髓），包括侵入性（皮质或深部脑）或非侵入性[颅电刺激、经颅直流电刺激和经颅磁刺激]。在慢性原发性头痛中，丛集性头痛最常通过深部脑刺激或枕神经刺激来治疗，因为这种疾病与高度残疾有关。ENS 通过经皮神经电刺激、干扰电流和脉冲射频等多种方式应用于外周神经系统的多个部位。我们简要回顾了在外周枕神经部位使用 ENS 的适应症，用于治疗慢性偏头痛。
