The James Hutton Institute Dundee, UK.
Front Plant Sci. 2011 Nov 17;2:80. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00080. eCollection 2011.
It has been estimated that one-third of the world's population lack sufficient Zn for adequate nutrition. This can be alleviated by increasing dietary Zn intakes through Zn biofortification of edible crops. Biofortification strategies include the application of Zn-fertilizers and the development of crop genotypes that acquire more Zn from the soil and accumulate it in edible portions. Zinc concentrations in roots, leaves, and stems can be increased through the application of Zn-fertilizers. Root Zn concentrations of up to 500-5000 mg kg(-1) dry matter (DM), and leaf Zn concentrations of up to 100-700 mg kg(-1) DM, can be achieved without loss of yield when Zn-fertilizers are applied to the soil. It is possible that greater Zn concentrations in non-woody shoot tissues can be achieved using foliar Zn-fertilizers. By contrast, Zn concentrations in fruits, seeds, and tubers are severely limited by low Zn mobility in the phloem and Zn concentrations higher than 30-100 mg kg(-1) DM are rarely observed. However, genetically modified plants with improved abilities to translocate Zn in the phloem might be used to biofortify these phloem-fed tissues. In addition, genetically modified plants with increased tolerance to high tissue Zn concentrations could be used to increase Zn concentrations in all edible produce and, thereby, increase dietary Zn intakes.
据估计，全球有三分之一的人口缺乏足够的锌来满足营养需求。通过增加可食用作物中的锌含量，即通过锌的生物强化来改善这种情况。生物强化策略包括施用锌肥和开发从土壤中吸收更多锌并在可食用部分积累的作物基因型。通过施用锌肥可以增加根、叶和茎中的锌浓度。当锌肥施用于土壤时，根中的锌浓度可以达到 500-5000mg/kg 干物质，叶中的锌浓度可以达到 100-700mg/kg 干物质，而不会降低产量。使用叶面锌肥，非木质茎组织中的锌浓度可能会更高。相比之下，果实、种子和块茎中的锌浓度受到韧皮部中锌移动性低的严重限制，很少观察到高于 30-100mg/kg 干物质的锌浓度。然而，具有改善在韧皮部中转运锌能力的转基因植物可能被用于生物强化这些韧皮部喂养组织。此外，对高组织锌浓度具有更高耐受性的转基因植物可用于增加所有可食用农产品中的锌浓度，从而增加膳食中的锌摄入量。
