Department of Neuroscience, Physiology-Nutrition Section, University 'Federico II' of Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Public Health Nutr. 2013 Feb;16(2):305-15. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012002716. Epub 2012 May 30.
To assess the prevalence and geographic distribution of major cardiovascular risk factors in a large community-wide sample of the Italian population.
A cross-sectional survey. Standardized methods were used to collect and measure cardiovascular risk factors. Data were adjusted for survey weightings. Qualitative and quantitative variables were compared with parametric and non-parametric tests, as appropriate.
Towns (n 193) across different Italian regions.
Unselected adults (n 24 213; 12 626 men; 11 587 women) aged 18-98 years (mean age 56·9 (sd 15·3) years), who volunteered to participate in a community-wide screening programme over a 2 d period in 2007.
Overall, the prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors was: obesity, 22·7 % (women 18·9 %, men 26·1 %); overweight, 44·7 % (women 31·6 %, men 56·7 %); hypertension, 59·6 % (women 48·3 %, men 70·0 %); dyslipidaemia, 59·1 % (women 57·7 %, men 60·3 %); diabetes, 15·3 % (women 11·2 %, men 19·0 %) and smoking, 19·8 % (women 14·0 %, men 25·2 %). We found a high prevalence of unhealthy eating habits; fruit and vegetable consumption was below the recommended range in 60 % of the study population. Ninety per cent of the study population had more than one cardiovascular risk factor and 84 % had between two and five cardiovascular risk factors. There were differences among Italian macro-areas mainly for obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes.
The study provides alarming evidence on current prevalence data for major cardiovascular risk factors in a large sample of the Italian population. Particularly, obesity and hypertension represent a relevant public health problem. There is a pressing need for effective preventive health measures which must also take into account the differences among Italian macro-areas.
评估意大利人群中大型社区样本中主要心血管危险因素的流行情况和地理分布。
横断面调查。采用标准化方法收集和测量心血管危险因素。数据经过调查权重调整。定性和定量变量分别采用参数和非参数检验进行比较。
意大利不同地区的城镇（n=193）。
年龄在 18-98 岁之间（平均年龄 56.9（15.3）岁）、自愿参加 2007 年为期两天的社区筛查计划的未选择成年人（n=24213；男 12626 人，女 11587 人）。
总体而言，主要心血管危险因素的流行情况为：肥胖症，22.7%（女性 18.9%，男性 26.1%）；超重，44.7%（女性 31.6%，男性 56.7%）；高血压，59.6%（女性 48.3%，男性 70.0%）；血脂异常，59.1%（女性 57.7%，男性 60.3%）；糖尿病，15.3%（女性 11.2%，男性 19.0%）和吸烟，19.8%（女性 14.0%，男性 25.2%）。我们发现不健康饮食习惯的流行程度很高；研究人群中有 60%的人水果和蔬菜摄入量低于推荐范围。90%的研究人群有一个以上的心血管危险因素，84%的人有两个或五个心血管危险因素。意大利大区之间存在差异，主要表现在肥胖症、高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病方面。
本研究为意大利人群中主要心血管危险因素的流行情况提供了令人震惊的证据。特别是肥胖症和高血压是一个严重的公共卫生问题。迫切需要采取有效的预防保健措施，同时还必须考虑到意大利大区之间的差异。
