MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2012 Oct;119(10):1111-20. doi: 10.1007/s00702-012-0829-4. Epub 2012 May 31.
Disruptions in circadian rhythm and stress reactivity are associated with risks of developing neuropsychiatric disorders. The circadian system is organised in a hierarchical manner, whereby the master clock is located at the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a highly conserved brain region that coordinates the oscillations of peripheral clocks. Exposure to psychological stress leads to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. There is growing evidence supporting the interactions between the circadian and stress systems. Anatomically, the circadian and stress signals converge at the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the hypothalamus. Genes that are involved in the operation of the circadian and stress systems, including Clock, Period and CRH are expressed in the PVN. In addition, several neuropeptides, including arginin-vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, are present in the PVN. In this review, we will discuss the interaction of circadian genes and stress-response genes at the molecular, neurotransmission and behavioural levels. We will place particular emphasis on the role of neuropeptides in mediating this interaction.
昼夜节律紊乱和应激反应与神经精神疾病的发病风险有关。昼夜节律系统呈层级组织方式，主钟位于视交叉上核，这是一个高度保守的大脑区域，协调外周钟的振荡。暴露于心理应激会导致下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的激活。越来越多的证据支持昼夜节律系统和应激系统之间的相互作用。在解剖学上，昼夜节律和应激信号在下丘脑的室旁核（PVN）汇聚。参与昼夜节律和应激系统运作的基因，包括 Clock、Period 和 CRH，在 PVN 中表达。此外，几种神经肽，包括精氨酸加压素、血管活性肠肽、垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽和神经递质γ-氨基丁酸，也存在于 PVN 中。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论昼夜节律基因和应激反应基因在分子、神经传递和行为水平上的相互作用。我们将特别强调神经肽在介导这种相互作用中的作用。
