da Silva Renato Ramos, Pereira Janini, Tanajura Clemente A S, Lentini Carlos A D, Cirano Mauro, Boersma P Dee, Rodrigues Regina R
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:686184. doi: 10.1100/2012/686184. Epub 2012 May 2.
During the austral winter of 2008, thousands of penguins traveled to low latitudes along the South Atlantic coast of South America. The atmospheric and oceanic conditions from April to July 2008 may account for the penguins' unusual geographic distribution. During that period, South Atlantic coastal waters were cooler; the wind anomalies had northward and onshore components; the ocean's coastal region presented northward currents that favored the penguins to travel toward lower latitudes. This anomalous climate regime resulted from extreme meteorological frontal systems that occurred mainly during June 2008. Three consecutive extreme midlatitude cyclones produced strong wind shear that resulted in the northward oceanic flow along the South American eastern shoreline favoring the penguins to be spotted in northern tropical waters.
2008年南半球冬季期间，数千只企鹅沿着南美洲南大西洋海岸前往低纬度地区。2008年4月至7月的大气和海洋状况可能解释了企鹅不同寻常的地理分布。在那段时期，南大西洋沿海水域温度较低；风异常具有向北和向岸分量；海洋沿海区域出现向北的洋流，有利于企鹅向低纬度地区迁徙。这种异常气候状况是由主要在2008年6月出现的极端气象锋面系统导致的。连续三个极端中纬度气旋产生了强烈的风切变，导致沿南美洲东部海岸线向北的洋流，使得企鹅出现在热带北部水域。
