Uustal D B
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 1990 Sep;2(3):437-42.
There is nothing a nurse does more frequently than make decisions, and in intensive care most of these decisions have ethical ramifications. Critical care nurses and other health care professionals must be more effectively prepared to resolve the complex ethical problems that are a natural by-product of health care in the 1990s. Each of us has an obligation as a patient advocate to use a systematic decision-making process, not just an emotive one, when faced with difficult ethical dilemmas. This article presents a decision-making process that is based on the steps of the nursing process, the theories of deontology and utilitarianism, and the strengths in the steps of the valuing process. A difficult case is shared at the end of the article that challenges the reader to examine his or her decision-making capabilities from a systematic and ethical perspective.
护士最常做的事情莫过于做决策，而在重症监护中，大多数这些决策都有伦理方面的影响。重症护理护士和其他医疗保健专业人员必须更有效地做好准备，以解决作为20世纪90年代医疗保健自然副产品的复杂伦理问题。当面对艰难的伦理困境时，我们每个人作为患者的倡导者都有义务使用系统的决策过程，而不仅仅是情绪化的过程。本文提出了一个基于护理程序步骤、道义论和功利主义理论以及价值判断过程步骤中的优点的决策过程。文章结尾分享了一个疑难案例，挑战读者从系统和伦理的角度审视自己的决策能力。
