Laffey J
St. Francis Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15217, USA.
Cancer Pract. 1996 Jan-Feb;4(1):41-6.
The process for solving ethical, legal, and moral dilemmas in the field of medicine is complex and time consuming. Frequently, the constraint of time forces the healthcare professional to make decisions quickly. When working with the cancer population, one faces, additionally, the dilemma of medical futility. Guidelines from the bioethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmalificence, and justice help to address this dilemma. The use of care-based ethics allows healthcare professionals to establish trust, thus enabling patients and their families to be open to change and make realistic decisions. This article contrasts care-based ethical theory with justice-based ethical theory, using a case presentation to illustrate the importance of care-based ethics in making a moral decision to forgo medically futile treatment.
解决医学领域中伦理、法律和道德困境的过程复杂且耗时。通常，时间限制迫使医疗保健专业人员迅速做出决策。在与癌症患者群体打交道时，还会面临医疗无效性的困境。自主、行善、不伤害和公正等生物伦理原则的指导方针有助于解决这一困境。基于关怀的伦理观念的运用使医疗保健专业人员能够建立信任，从而使患者及其家属愿意接受改变并做出现实的决策。本文将基于关怀的伦理理论与基于公正的伦理理论进行对比，通过一个案例展示基于关怀的伦理在做出放弃医疗无效治疗的道德决策中的重要性。
