Dickinson Katherine, Paskewitz Susan
Advanced Studies Program, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, USA.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Oct;12(10):886-92. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0810. Epub 2012 May 31.
Public health programs that control mosquitoes and other disease vectors have the added benefit of reducing residents' exposure to pest insects. We surveyed homeowners in Madison, Wisconsin, and used an economic valuation method, stated-choice experiments, to measure willingness to pay (WTP) for control of West Nile virus (WNV)-transmitting and nuisance mosquitoes under current and increased levels of WNV risk. Under current WNV risk levels (approximately 1 in 250,000), the average Madison survey respondent was not willing to pay for programs that targeted West Nile-transmitting mosquitoes only (WTP=-$21, 95% [CI -$63, $20]), while WTP for a reduction in nuisance mosquitoes was substantial (WTP=$147, 95% [CI $109, $186]). As the risk of WNV was increased, WTP for control of disease-carrying mosquitoes also increased (WTP=$158; 95% CI [$111, $206] at the highest risk level), but WTP for nuisance control remained high (WTP=$108; 95% CI [$78, $138]). Among homeowners in our sample, the "nuisance factor" was more important than the "disease factor" in terms of respondents' demand for mosquito control.
控制蚊子及其他疾病传播媒介的公共卫生项目还有一个额外好处，即能减少居民接触害虫的机会。我们对威斯康星州麦迪逊市的房主进行了调查，并采用经济估值方法——陈述偏好实验，来衡量在当前及西尼罗河病毒（WNV）风险增加的情况下，人们为控制传播WNV的蚊子及滋扰性蚊子而愿意支付的费用（WTP）。在当前的WNV风险水平下（约为25万分之一），麦迪逊市调查对象平均不愿意为仅针对传播西尼罗河病毒的蚊子的项目付费（WTP = -21美元，95%置信区间[-63美元，20美元]），而对减少滋扰性蚊子的WTP则相当可观（WTP = 147美元，95%置信区间[109美元，186美元]）。随着WNV风险的增加，对控制携带疾病蚊子的WTP也有所增加（在最高风险水平下WTP = 158美元；95%置信区间[111美元，206美元]），但对滋扰控制的WTP仍然很高（WTP = 108美元；95%置信区间[78美元，138美元]）。在我们样本中的房主中，就受访者对蚊子控制的需求而言，“滋扰因素”比“疾病因素”更重要。
