Devenish Rodney J, Klionsky Daniel J
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton campus, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2012 Jun 1;4(4):1354-63. doi: 10.2741/s337.
Autophagy is a highly conserved process of quality control occurring inside cells by which cytoplasmic material can be degraded and the products recycled for use as new building blocks or for energy production. The rapid progress and 'explosion' of knowledge concerning autophagic processes in mammals/humans that has occurred over the last 15 years was driven by fundamental studies in yeast, principally using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, leading to the identification and cloning of genes required for autophagy. This chapter reviews the role of yeast studies in understanding the molecular mechanisms of autophagic processes, focusing on aspects that are conserved in mammals/humans and how autophagy is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of disease and is required for development and differentiation.
自噬是细胞内发生的一种高度保守的质量控制过程，通过该过程细胞质物质可被降解，其产物可被循环利用，用作新的构建模块或用于能量产生。过去15年里，关于哺乳动物/人类自噬过程的知识迅速发展并“爆发”，这一进展是由酵母的基础研究推动的，主要使用酿酒酵母，从而导致了自噬所需基因的鉴定和克隆。本章回顾了酵母研究在理解自噬过程分子机制中的作用，重点关注在哺乳动物/人类中保守的方面，以及自噬如何越来越多地与疾病发病机制相关，并且是发育和分化所必需的。
