Orlandelli R C, Alberto R N, Rubin Filho C J, Pamphile J A
Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
Genet Mol Res. 2012 May 22;11(2):1575-85. doi: 10.4238/2012.May.22.7.
Tropical and subtropical plants are rich in endophytic community diversity. Endophytes, mainly fungi and bacteria, inhabit the healthy plant tissues without causing any damage to the hosts. These fungi can be useful for biological control of pathogens and plant growth promotion. Some plants of the genus Piper are hosts of endophytic microorganisms; however, there is little information about endophytes on Piper hispidum, a medicinal shrub used as an insecticide, astringent, diuretic, stimulant, liver treatment, and for stopping hemorrhages. We isolated the fungal endophyte community associated with P. hispidum leaves from plants in a Brazilian forest remnant. The endophytic diversity was examined based on sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of rDNA. A high colonization frequency was obtained, as expected for tropical angiosperms. Isolated endophytes were divided into 66 morphogroups, demonstrating considerable diversity. We identified 21 isolates, belonging to 11 genera (Alternaria, Bipolaris, Colletotrichum, Glomerella, Guignardia, Lasiodiplodia, Marasmius, Phlebia, Phoma, Phomopsis, and Schizophyllum); one isolate was identified only to the order level (Diaporthales). Bipolaris was the most frequent genus among the identified endophytes. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the molecular identification of some isolates to genus level while for others it was confirmed at the species level.
热带和亚热带植物的内生群落多样性丰富。内生菌主要是真菌和细菌，栖息于健康的植物组织中，不会对宿主造成任何损害。这些真菌可用于病原体的生物防治和促进植物生长。胡椒属的一些植物是内生微生物的宿主；然而，关于糙叶胡椒（一种用作杀虫剂、收敛剂、利尿剂、兴奋剂、治疗肝脏疾病以及止血的药用灌木）内生菌的信息却很少。我们从巴西一片森林遗迹中的植物上分离出了与糙叶胡椒叶片相关的真菌内生菌群落。基于核糖体DNA的ITS1-5.8S-ITS2区域测序对内生菌多样性进行了检测。正如热带被子植物所预期的那样，获得了较高的定殖频率。分离出的内生菌被分为66个形态类群，显示出相当大的多样性。我们鉴定出21个分离株，分属于11个属（链格孢属、双极孢属、炭疽菌属、小球腔菌属、球座菌属、葡萄座腔菌属、小皮伞属、脉孢菌属、茎点霉属、拟茎点霉属和裂褶菌属）；一个分离株仅鉴定到目水平（座囊菌目）。双极孢属是已鉴定的内生菌中最常见的属。系统发育分析证实了一些分离株在属水平上的分子鉴定，而对另一些分离株则在种水平上得到了证实。
