Unit of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vector Control Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, India.
Pest Manag Sci. 2012 Nov;68(11):1447-50. doi: 10.1002/ps.3324. Epub 2012 May 31.
A biosurfactant, surfactin, produced by a strain of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis (VCRC B471), was effective in killing mosquito larval and pupal stages. As it was lethal to the non-feeding pupal stage, it was presumed that it could kill the adult mosquitoes also. In this study, the adulticidal effect of the biosurfactant was assessed in the laboratory against a malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi.
The biosurfactant surfactin, separated from the culture supernatant of the production strain, showed mosquito adulticidal activity when tested as ultralow-volume (ULV) spray in a Peet-Grady chamber. Knockdown activity and mortality were found to increase with increasing surfactin dosage. Knockdown dosage (KD) and lethal dosage (LD) were calculated by statistical analysis. The KD(50) and KD(90) dosages were 10.73 and 26.39 mg m(-3) respectively. The LD(50) and LD(90) dosages were 16.13 and 39.21 mg m(-3) . The average droplet size of B. subtilis surfactin was 17.5 ± 1.07 µm.
The present study indicates that the biosurfactant surfactin, produced by B. subtilis subsp. subtilis (VCRC B471), is a potential bioadulticide for ULV spray against malaria-transmitting Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. This is the first report of a mosquito adulticide from a microbial source.
由枯草芽孢杆菌亚种（VCRC B471）产生的生物表面活性剂表面活性素，可有效杀灭蚊幼虫和蛹阶段。由于它对不取食的蛹期具有致死作用，因此推测它也可以杀死成蚊。在这项研究中，在实验室中评估了该生物表面活性剂对疟疾传播媒介按蚊的杀成虫效果。
从生产菌株的培养液上清液中分离出的生物表面活性剂表面活性素，在 Peet-Grady 室中作为超低容量（ULV）喷雾进行测试时表现出杀蚊成虫活性。击倒活性和死亡率随着表面活性素剂量的增加而增加。通过统计分析计算了击倒剂量（KD）和致死剂量（LD）。KD(50)和 KD(90)剂量分别为 10.73 和 26.39 mg m(-3)。LD(50)和 LD(90)剂量分别为 16.13 和 39.21 mg m(-3)。枯草芽孢杆菌表面活性素的平均液滴大小为 17.5 ± 1.07 µm。
本研究表明，由枯草芽孢杆菌亚种（VCRC B471）产生的生物表面活性剂表面活性素是一种有潜力的用于 ULV 喷雾防治疟疾传播按蚊的生物杀成虫剂。这是首次报道微生物来源的杀蚊成虫剂。
