植物提取物对登革热、疟疾和丝虫病媒介的杀卵、驱避、杀成虫和田间评价。
Ovicidal, repellent, adulticidal and field evaluations of plant extract against dengue, malaria and filarial vectors.
机构信息
Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
出版信息
Parasitol Res. 2013 Mar;112(3):1205-19. doi: 10.1007/s00436-012-3252-8. Epub 2012 Dec 28.
Mosquitoes are insect vectors responsible for the transmission of parasitic and viral infections to millions of people worldwide, with substantial morbidity and mortality. Infections transmitted by mosquitoes include malaria, yellow fever, chikungunya, filariasis and other arboviruses. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. The adulticidal activities of crude hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol leaf extracts of Acalypha alnifolia were assayed for their toxicity against three important vector mosquitoes, viz., Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. The adult mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate adulticide effects; however, the highest adult mortality was found in methanol extract were observed. The LC(50) values of A. alnifolia leaf extracts against adulticidal activity of (hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol) A. aegypti, A. stephensi and C. quinquefasciatus were the following: A. aegypti values were 371.87, 342.97, 320.17, 300.86 and 279.75 ppm; A. stephensi values were 358.35, 336.64, 306.10, 293.01 and 274.76 ppm; C. quinquefasciatus values were 383.59, 354.13, 327.74, 314.33 and 291.71 ppm. The results of the repellent activity of hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extract of A. alnifolia plant at three different concentrations of 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mg/cm(2) were applied on skin of forearm in man and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. In this observation, this plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person, and also, the repellent activity is dependent on the strength of the plant extracts. Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed 48 h post-treatment. The percent hatchability was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract and directly proportional to the eggs. Mortality of 100 % with methanol extract of A. alnifolia was exerted at 125 and 300 ppm. The larval density was decreased after the treatment of plant extracts at the breeding sites (water bodies system) of vector mosquitoes, and hence, these plant extracts are suitable alternatives of synthetic insecticides for mosquito vector management.These results suggest that the leaf solvent plant extracts have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of mosquitoes. This study provides first report on the mosquito ovicidal, repellent and adulticidal activities of these plant extracts against mosquito vector species from India.
蚊子是传播寄生虫和病毒感染的昆虫媒介,对全球数百万人的健康造成严重影响。由蚊子传播的疾病包括疟疾、黄热病、基孔肯雅热、丝虫病和其他虫媒病毒。植物源杀虫剂可能成为未来合适的生物防治技术。本研究测定了麻风树(Acalypha alnifolia)叶的正己烷、苯、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和甲醇粗提物对三种重要病媒蚊子(埃及伊蚊、致倦库蚊和三带喙库蚊)的成虫杀活性。暴露 24 小时后观察成虫死亡率。所有提取物均表现出中等的成虫杀灭作用;然而,甲醇提取物的成虫死亡率最高。麻风树叶提取物对(正己烷、苯、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和甲醇)埃及伊蚊、致倦库蚊和三带喙库蚊的半数致死浓度(LC 50 )值分别为:埃及伊蚊为 371.87、342.97、320.17、300.86 和 279.75 ppm;致倦库蚊为 358.35、336.64、306.10、293.01 和 274.76 ppm;三带喙库蚊为 383.59、354.13、327.74、314.33 和 291.71 ppm。在人体前臂皮肤上涂抹不同浓度(1.0、3.0 和 5.0 mg/cm 2 )的麻风树植物的正己烷、苯、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和甲醇提取物的驱避活性的实验结果表明,这种植物粗提取物可以防止蚊虫叮咬,且对测试人员没有任何过敏反应,驱避活性取决于植物提取物的强度。48 小时后观察到卵的杀卵活性的平均孵化率。孵化率与提取物的浓度成反比,与卵的数量成正比。125 和 300 ppm 的甲醇提取物对麻风树的幼虫死亡率达到 100%。在处理病媒蚊的滋生地(水体系统)后,幼虫密度下降,因此,这些植物提取物是用于蚊虫媒介管理的合成杀虫剂的合适替代品。这些结果表明,叶片溶剂植物提取物具有作为控制蚊子的理想生态友好方法的潜力。本研究首次报道了这些植物提取物对印度蚊媒种的杀卵、驱避和成虫杀灭活性。