World J Gastroenterol. 2012 May 28;18(20):2443-51. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i20.2443.
Hepatitis B is caused by the host immune response and T cells play a major role in the immunopathogenesis. More importantly, T cells not only destroy hepatocytes infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV), but also control HBV replication or eradicate HBV in a noncytolytic manner. Therefore, analysis of T cell immune response during acute and chronic HBV infection is important to develop a strategy for successful viral control, which could lead to immunotherapy for terminating persistent HBV infection. There have been many attempts at immunotherapy for chronic HBV infection, and some have shown promising results. High viral load has been shown to suppress antiviral immune responses and immunoinhibitory signals have been recently elucidated, therefore, viral suppression by nucleos(t)ide analogs, stimulation of antiviral immune response, and suppression of the immunoinhibitory signals must be combined to achieve desirable antiviral effects.
乙型肝炎是由宿主免疫反应引起的，T 细胞在免疫发病机制中起主要作用。更重要的是，T 细胞不仅可以破坏乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染的肝细胞，还可以以非细胞溶解的方式控制 HBV 复制或清除 HBV。因此，分析急性和慢性 HBV 感染期间的 T 细胞免疫反应对于制定成功控制病毒的策略很重要，这可能导致终止持续性 HBV 感染的免疫疗法。已经有许多针对慢性 HBV 感染的免疫治疗尝试，其中一些已经显示出有希望的结果。高病毒载量已被证明抑制抗病毒免疫反应，最近已经阐明了免疫抑制信号，因此，必须结合核苷酸类似物抑制病毒、刺激抗病毒免疫反应和抑制免疫抑制信号，以实现理想的抗病毒效果。
