Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2012;108:347-82. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-398397-8.00014-9.
The rise in the prevalence of obesity observed over the past decades is taken by many as an indication of the predominance of environmental factors (the so-called obesogenic environment) over genetic factors in explaining why obesity has reached epidemic proportions. While a changing environment favoring increased food intake and decreased physical activity levels has clearly contributed to shifting the distribution of body mass index (BMI) at the population level, not everyone is becoming overweight or obese. This suggests that there are genetic factors interacting with environmental factors to predispose some individuals to obesity. This gene-environment interaction is not only important in determining an individual's susceptibility to obesity but can also influence the outcome of weight-loss programs and weight-management strategies in overweight and obese subjects. This chapter reviews the role of gene-nutrient interactions in the context of weight management. The first section reviews the application of transcriptomics in human nutrition intervention studies on the molecular impact of caloric restriction and macronutrient composition. The second section reviews the effects of various obesity candidate gene polymorphisms on the response of body weight or weight-related phenotypes to weight-loss programs which include nutritional interventions.
在过去几十年中，肥胖症的患病率不断上升，许多人认为这表明环境因素（所谓的致肥胖环境）在解释肥胖症为何已达到流行程度方面超过了遗传因素。虽然有利于增加食物摄入和减少身体活动水平的变化环境显然促成了人群中身体质量指数（BMI）分布的转变，但并非每个人都超重或肥胖。这表明遗传因素与环境因素相互作用，使某些人易患肥胖症。这种基因-环境相互作用不仅对个体易患肥胖症的程度很重要，而且还会影响超重和肥胖者减肥计划和体重管理策略的结果。本章综述了基因-营养素相互作用在体重管理中的作用。第一节综述了转录组学在热量限制和宏量营养素组成对人类营养干预研究的分子影响方面的应用。第二节综述了各种肥胖候选基因多态性对体重或与体重相关表型对减肥计划（包括营养干预）的反应的影响。
