Stadtlander L M, Coyne A C
Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
Exp Aging Res. 1990 Spring-Summer;16(1-2):91-4. doi: 10.1080/07340669008251532.
Goal-setting and feedback have been found to improve performance on a variety of tasks. The present study applied this finding to an examination of adult age differences in secondary memory. Elderly and young adults completed a free-recall task in which one subgroup established a performance goal for blocks of trials and received feedback on a trial-by-trial basis. A second, comparison subgroup completed the same task without setting goals or receiving feedback. Results indicated that the use of the motivational technique of goal-setting and feedback increased memory performance of both age groups beyond that obtained under standard recall conditions.
研究发现，设定目标和给予反馈能够提高在各种任务中的表现。本研究将这一发现应用于对成人次级记忆年龄差异的考察。老年人和年轻人完成了一项自由回忆任务，其中一个亚组为每组试验设定了表现目标，并在逐次试验的基础上得到反馈。另一个作为对照的亚组在不设定目标或不接受反馈的情况下完成相同任务。结果表明，运用设定目标和给予反馈这种激励技巧，两个年龄组的记忆表现均比在标准回忆条件下有所提高。
