Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
Trends Plant Sci. 2012 Aug;17(8):458-67. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.04.006. Epub 2012 May 31.
Plants need to acquire nitrogen (N) efficiently from the soil for growth. Nitrate is one of the major N sources for higher plants. Therefore, nitrate uptake and allocation are key factors in efficient N utilization. Membrane-bound transporters are required for nitrate uptake from the soil and for the inter- and intracellular movement of nitrate inside the plants. Four gene families, nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter (NRT1/PTR), NRT2, chloride channel (CLC), and slow anion channel-associated 1 homolog 3 (SLAC1/SLAH), are involved in nitrate uptake, allocation, and storage in higher plants. Recent studies of these transporters or channels have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of nitrate uptake and allocation. Interestingly, several of these transporters also play versatile roles in nitrate sensing, plant development, pathogen defense, and/or stress response.
植物需要从土壤中高效地获取氮（N）以生长。硝酸盐是高等植物的主要氮源之一。因此，硝酸盐的摄取和分配是有效利用氮的关键因素。膜结合转运蛋白是从土壤中摄取硝酸盐以及在植物体内进行硝酸盐的细胞间和细胞内运动所必需的。四个基因家族，硝酸盐转运蛋白 1/肽转运蛋白（NRT1/PTR）、NRT2、氯离子通道（CLC）和缓慢阴离子通道相关 1 同源物 3（SLAC1/SLAH），参与了硝酸盐的摄取、分配和储存。这些转运蛋白或通道的最新研究为硝酸盐摄取和分配的分子机制提供了新的见解。有趣的是，其中一些转运蛋白在硝酸盐感应、植物发育、病原体防御和/或应激反应中也具有多种作用。
