Levav I, Kohn R, Flaherty J A, Lerner Y, Aisenberg E
World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C. 20037.
Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1990;27(3):131-44.
A survey of mental health knowledge, attitudes and help-seeking practices was conducted with 415 Soviet immigrants to Israel. The purpose of the study was two-fold: to provide data for mental health services and outreach programs designed for this immigrant group and to obtain a "proxy window" into these attitudes and behaviors in the Soviet Union itself. The results show that almost 20% of the immigrants reported consultation to formal agents in Israel and about half of these reported similar consultation in the USSR. An almost equal proportion consulted the family. Univariate and multivariate analysis show that demoralization, marital status, and religiosity were significantly associated with help-seeking. The second part of the survey explored Soviet immigrant attitudes to mental illness and the mentally ill by means of case vignettes and social situations, respectively. The respondents were able to detect abnormal behavior, but did not label it as psychopathology. Their overall tolerance of such behavior was low. These attitudes did not change over time nor seem to be influenced by reported abuses of psychiatry in the USSR.
对415名从苏联移民到以色列的人进行了一项关于心理健康知识、态度和求助行为的调查。该研究有两个目的：为针对这一移民群体设计的心理健康服务和外展项目提供数据，并获得一扇了解苏联国内这些态度和行为的“代理窗口”。结果显示，近20%的移民报告在以色列向正规机构咨询过，其中约一半报告在苏联也有过类似咨询。向家人咨询的比例几乎相同。单变量和多变量分析表明，士气低落、婚姻状况和宗教信仰与求助行为显著相关。调查的第二部分分别通过病例 vignettes 和社会情境探讨了苏联移民对精神疾病和精神病人的态度。受访者能够察觉到异常行为，但并未将其归类为精神病理学问题。他们对这种行为的总体容忍度较低。这些态度并未随时间变化，似乎也未受到苏联精神病学滥用报告的影响。
