Physiological modeling of drug and metabolite: disposition of oxazepam and oxazepam glucuronides in the recirculating perfused mouse liver preparation.

The disposition of tracer doses of 3H-oxazepam was studied in the recirculating perfused mouse liver preparation. 3H-Oxazepam was biotransformed primarily to the diastereomeric 3H-oxazepam glucuronides, which either effluxed into the circulation or underwent biliary excretion. Three additional, unknown metabolites constituted a small fraction (5-10%) of the total radioactivity recovered in bile (7% of dose); no other metabolite was detected in perfusate. A physiologically based model, comprising the reservoir, liver blood and tissue, and bile, was fitted to reservoir concentrations of 3H-oxazepam and 3H-oxazepam glucuronides, and the cumulative amount excreted into bile. The model allowed for consideration of elimination pathways other than glucuronidation and the presence of a transport barrier for the oxazepam glucuronides across the hepatocyte membrane. The fitted results suggest a slight barrier existing for the transport of metabolites across the sinusoidal membrane, inasmuch as the transmembrane clearance was comparable to liver blood flow rate. Upon further comparison of estimates of formation, biliary, and transmembrane clearances for the oxazepam glucuronides, the rate-limiting step in the overall (biliary) clearance appears to be a poor capacity for biliary excretion. The influence of the cumulative volume loss that a recirculating perfused organ system incurs upon repeated sampling was discussed, and a compartmental method of correcting the observed concentrations of drug and generated metabolite was presented.