Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2012 Nov;90(11):3783-8. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-5023. Epub 2012 Jun 4.
Little information is available regarding the effects of vitamin D and its metabolites on reproduction in swine. To investigate the effects of feeding the circulating metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3, ROVIMIX Hy • D, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland) on maternal and fetal circulating 25OHD3 concentration and gilt reproductive performance, a total of 40 PIC Camborough-22 gilts (BW on d -6 = 138 kg) in 4 replicates were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 corn-soybean meal-based diets. The control diet (CTL) was formulated to contain 2,500 IU D3/kg diet, and the experimental diet (25OHD3) was formulated to contain 500 IU D3/kg diet + 50 μg 25OHD3/kg diet. Gilts were fed 2.7 kg of their assigned diet once daily beginning 43 d before breeding. Gilt BW were measured on gestational d -6 and d 90. Gilts were artificially inseminated with PIC 337-G semen 12 h and 24 h after showing signs of estrus. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on gestational d -43, -13, 46, and 89 for analysis of circulating 25OHD3 plasma concentration and overall vitamin D status of the gilts. At gestational d 90 ± 1, gilts were harvested and reproductive tracts were removed. Fetal weight, sex, crown-to-rump length (CRL), as well as the number of mummified fetuses were recorded. As expected, circulating plasma concentrations of 25OHD3 were not different among treatment groups at d -43 (CTL = 53.8 ng/mL, 25OHD3 = 57.4 ng/mL; P = 0.66). However, gilts fed 25OHD3 had greater (P < 0.001) circulating plasma concentrations of 25OHD3 on d -13 (89.7 vs. 56.7 ng/mL), d 46 (95.8 vs. 55.7 ng/mL), and d 89 (92.8 vs. 58.2 ng/mL) of gestation compared with CTL-fed gilts. Circulating 25OHD3 was also greater in fetuses from 25OHD3-fed gilts on d 90 (P < 0.001). A 23% increase in pregnancy rate was observed in 25OHD3-fed gilts compared with CTL (78% vs. 55%, respectively; P = 0.21). Maternal BW gain (without conceptus), number of mummified fetuses, mean fetal weight, and mean fetal CRL were similar among treatments (P > 0.05). However, litter size was larger (CTL = 10.2; 25OHD3 = 12.7; P = 0.04) in 25OHD3-fed gilts compared with CTL-fed gilts. Notably, mean fetal weight was not decreased in 25OHD3-fed gilts as frequently occurs when litter size is increased. Overall, feeding 25OHD3 to first-service gilts before and during gestation improved both maternal and fetal vitamin D status and improved maternal reproductive performance.
关于维生素 D 及其代谢物对猪繁殖的影响，相关信息有限。为了研究循环代谢物 25-羟胆钙化醇（25OHD3，ROVIMIX Hy • D，DSM 营养产品，巴塞尔，瑞士）对母猪和胎儿循环 25OHD3 浓度以及后备母猪繁殖性能的影响，总共 40 头 PIC Camborough-22 后备母猪（配种前 d-6 的体重为 138kg）分为 4 个重复组，随机分配到 2 种基于玉米-豆粕的日粮中的 1 种。对照组（CTL）日粮中含有 2500IU D3/kg 日粮，实验组（25OHD3）日粮中含有 500IU D3/kg 日粮+50μg 25OHD3/kg 日粮。后备母猪从配种前 43d 开始每天饲喂 2.7kg 分配的日粮。后备母猪在配种前 d-6 和 d90 测量体重。后备母猪发情后 12h 和 24h 用 PIC 337-G 精液进行人工授精。在配种前 d-43、-13、46 和 89 从颈静脉采集血液样本，用于分析母猪循环 25OHD3 血浆浓度和整体维生素 D 状态。在配种后 d90±1，收获后备母猪并取出生殖道。记录胎儿体重、性别、头臀长（CRL）以及木乃伊化胎儿数量。正如预期的那样，在 d-43 时，各组之间的循环血浆 25OHD3 浓度没有差异（CTL=53.8ng/mL，25OHD3=57.4ng/mL；P=0.66）。然而，饲喂 25OHD3 的后备母猪在 d-13（89.7 比 56.7ng/mL）、d46（95.8 比 55.7ng/mL）和 d89（92.8 比 58.2ng/mL）时的循环血浆 25OHD3 浓度更高与 CTL 组相比。在 d90，来自 25OHD3 组后备母猪的胎儿 25OHD3 也更高（P<0.001）。与 CTL 组相比，饲喂 25OHD3 的后备母猪的妊娠率提高了 23%（78%比 55%；P=0.21）。与对照组相比，25OHD3 组的母体 BW 增加（不包括胚胎）、木乃伊化胎儿数量、平均胎儿体重和平均胎儿 CRL 相似（P>0.05）。然而，25OHD3 组的窝产仔数更大（CTL=10.2；25OHD3=12.7；P=0.04）比 CTL 组。值得注意的是，与对照组相比，25OHD3 组后备母猪的平均胎儿体重并没有经常因窝产仔数增加而减少。总的来说，在配种前和配种期间给初配后备母猪饲喂 25OHD3 提高了母猪和胎儿的维生素 D 状况，并提高了母猪的繁殖性能。
