Renteria-Flores J A, Johnston L J, Shurson G C, Moser R L, Webel S K
Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología Animal-Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Ajuchitlán, Qro, México.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Oct;86(10):2576-84. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0376. Epub 2008 Jun 6.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of soluble (SF) and insoluble (ISF) dietary fiber during gestation on embryo survival and sow performance. In Exp. 1, 43 gilts were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 experimental diets: a corn-soybean meal control (C; 1.16% SF, 9.98% ISF); a 30% oat bran high in SF (HS; 3.02% SF, 10.06% ISF); a 12% wheat straw diet high in ISF (HIS; 1.08% SF, 18.09% ISF); and a 21% soybean hull diet (HS + HIS; 2.46% SF, 24.55% ISF). Gilts were fed the experimental diets based on their initial BW to meet their daily nutrient requirements. At estrus, gilts were inseminated artificially 3 times using pooled semen. Reproductive tracts were harvested 32 d postmating (range = 28 to 35 d). Statistical analysis of data included the effects of diet with days of gestation as a covariate. There were no differences in ovulation rate among gilts fed the experimental diets (avg. = 14.1). Number of live embryos was less for HIS and HS + HIS gilts compared with C and HS (9.9 and 9.1 vs. 11.9 and 10.6, respectively; P < 0.05). Total embryo survival rate (P < 0.05) was less for gilts fed HS + HIS compared with those fed the C and HS diets. These results suggest that high dietary ISF might decrease the total embryo survival rate without affecting ovulation rate. In Exp. 2, 716 sows were used in 3 concurrent trials. In trial 1, diets included a corn-soybean meal control (C; 0.43% SF, 10.50% ISF; n = 122) or a 31% oat bran diet (HS; 1.93% SF, 8.87% ISF; n = 124). In trial 2, diets included a C (n = 97) or a 13% wheat straw diet (HIS; 1.10% SF, 17.67% ISF; n = 119), and in trial 3 sows were fed a C (n = 123) or a 21% soybean hull diet (HS + HIS; 1.50% SF, 17.77% ISF; n = 131). All diets were offered to sows beginning 2 d postmating. All sows had ad libitum access to a standard lactation diet. Statistical analysis included the effects of diet, parity group, genetic line, and season as well as their interactions. The inclusion of SF and ISF in gestation diets did not affect litter size. Sows fed the HS + HIS diet had a greater ADFI and lost less BW during lactation (P < 0.01) than sows fed C. Under the conditions of this study, feeding gestating sows increased levels of SF and ISF from d 2 after breeding to d 109 of gestation did not increase litter size.
进行了两项试验以评估妊娠期可溶性（SF）和不溶性（ISF）膳食纤维对胚胎存活率和母猪生产性能的影响。在试验1中，43头后备母猪被随机分配到4种试验日粮中的一种：玉米 - 豆粕对照日粮（C；1.16% SF，9.98% ISF）；30%高SF燕麦麸日粮（HS；3.02% SF，10.06% ISF）；12%高ISF小麦秸秆日粮（HIS；1.08% SF，18.09% ISF）；以及21%大豆皮日粮（HS + HIS；2.46% SF，24.55% ISF）。根据后备母猪的初始体重饲喂试验日粮以满足其每日营养需求。在发情期，使用混合精液对后备母猪进行3次人工授精。在配种后32天（范围为28至35天）采集生殖道。数据的统计分析包括日粮的影响以及妊娠期天数作为协变量。饲喂试验日粮的后备母猪排卵率没有差异（平均 = 14.1）。与C组和HS组相比，HIS组和HS + HIS组的活胚胎数较少（分别为9.9和9.1对11.9和10.6；P < 0.05）。与饲喂C组和HS组日粮的后备母猪相比，饲喂HS + HIS组日粮的后备母猪总胚胎存活率较低（P < 0.05）。这些结果表明，高日粮ISF可能会降低总胚胎存活率而不影响排卵率。在试验2中，716头母猪用于3个同期试验。在试验1中，日粮包括玉米 - 豆粕对照日粮（C；0.43% SF，10.50% ISF；n = 122）或31%燕麦麸日粮（HS；1.93% SF，8.87% ISF；n = 124）。在试验2中，日粮包括C组（n = 97）或13%小麦秸秆日粮（HIS；1.10% SF，17.67% ISF；n = 119），在试验3中，母猪饲喂C组日粮（n = 123）或21%大豆皮日粮（HS + HIS；1.50% SF，17.77% ISF；n = 131）。所有日粮从配种后第2天开始提供给母猪。所有母猪可自由采食标准泌乳日粮。统计分析包括日粮、胎次组、遗传品系和季节的影响以及它们之间的相互作用。妊娠期日粮中添加SF和ISF不影响窝产仔数。与饲喂C组日粮的母猪相比，饲喂HS + HIS组日粮的母猪在泌乳期的平均日采食量更高且体重损失更少（P < 0.01）。在本研究条件下，从配种后第2天到妊娠期第109天给妊娠母猪饲喂增加水平的SF和ISF不会增加窝产仔数。
