Battacchi M W, Pelamatti G M, Umiltà C
Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Mem Cognit. 1990 Nov;18(6):651-8. doi: 10.3758/bf03197107.
In Experiment 1, four groups of 16 subjects performed ordered recall of six-syllable lists in both suffix and nonsuffix conditions. Sequential presentation of the lists varied for each group. In the auditory presentation, the syllables were delivered from one location only and were read aloud by the subjects. For the visual, spatially nondistributed presentation, the syllables appeared in one location only and were read silently. For visual, spatially distributed presentations, the syllables were spread out either vertically or horizontally and were read silently. Very robust recency and suffix effects were found in the auditory presentation, as well as in visual, spatially distributed presentations. In Experiment 2, 16 subjects performed ordered recall of visually presented lists with the items spread out vertically and conflicting spatial and temporal orders. A reliable recency effect was found for the final block of trials. In Experiment 3, 16 subjects performed ordered recall in the same conditions as in Experiment 2, except that they were instructed to recall the temporal order in which the spatial positions would be filled in. A bow-shaped curve and a strong recency effect were obtained.
在实验1中，四组每组16名受试者在有后缀和无后缀条件下对六个音节的列表进行顺序回忆。每组列表的顺序呈现方式各不相同。在听觉呈现中，音节仅从一个位置传递，由受试者大声朗读。对于视觉上空间未分布的呈现，音节仅出现在一个位置，由受试者默读。对于视觉上空间分布的呈现，音节垂直或水平展开，由受试者默读。在听觉呈现以及视觉上空间分布的呈现中都发现了非常显著的近因效应和后缀效应。在实验2中，16名受试者对视觉呈现的列表进行顺序回忆，列表中的项目垂直展开，空间顺序和时间顺序相互冲突。在最后一组试验中发现了可靠的近因效应。在实验3中，16名受试者在与实验2相同的条件下进行顺序回忆，只是他们被要求回忆空间位置被填充的时间顺序。得到了一条弓形曲线和强烈的近因效应。
