Timme-Laragy Alicia R, Karchner Sibel I, Hahn Mark E
Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2012;889:51-71. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-867-2_5.
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has long been used as a model for developmental biology, making it an excellent model to use also in developmental toxicology. The many advantages of zebrafish include their small size, prolific spawning, rapid development, and transparent embryos. They can be easily manipulated genetically through the use of transgenic technology and gene knockdown via morpholino-modified antisense oligonucleotides (MOs). Knocking down specific genes to assess their role in the response to toxicant exposure provides a way to further our knowledge of how developmental toxicants work on a molecular and mechanistic level while establishing a relationship between these molecular events and morphological, behavioral, and/or physiological effects (i.e., phenotypic anchoring). In this chapter, we address important considerations for using MOs to study developmental toxicology in zebrafish embryos and provide a protocol for their use.
斑马鱼（Danio rerio）长期以来一直被用作发育生物学的模型，这使其成为发育毒理学中一个非常出色的模型。斑马鱼的诸多优点包括体型小、产卵多、发育迅速以及胚胎透明。通过使用转基因技术和经由吗啉代修饰的反义寡核苷酸（MOs）进行基因敲低，它们能够很容易地在基因层面进行操作。敲低特定基因以评估其在对毒物暴露反应中的作用，为我们进一步了解发育毒物在分子和机制层面如何发挥作用提供了一种途径，同时也能建立起这些分子事件与形态、行为和/或生理效应（即表型锚定）之间的关系。在本章中，我们阐述了使用MOs研究斑马鱼胚胎发育毒理学的重要注意事项，并提供了其使用方案。
