Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2012 Nov;68(5):366-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2012.01165.x. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
Embryo implantation and formation of a functional placenta are complex processes that require a plethora of regulatory mechanisms involving both mother and embryo cells. Recently, an important role in this complicated cells and factors network was assigned to the decidual stromal cells (DSC) and trophoblast cells. Decidualization includes biochemical changes that trigger DSC to produce a number of factors required for the implantation and induction of immunotolerance in maternal immune system. Immunotolerance is achieved by a cascade of strictly controlled events starting with selective homing of immune cells to the feto-maternal site, regulated proliferation, and predominant differentiation into a regulatory type of immune cells. Furthermore, cytotoxic effector functions are reduced owing to the influence of steroid hormones, factors, cytokines, and inhibitory receptors. Altogether the entire immune system of the mother is switched to tolerogenic functional state which is a prerequisite for the successful maintenance of pregnancy.
胚胎着床和功能性胎盘的形成是复杂的过程，需要涉及母体和胚胎细胞的大量调节机制。最近，在这个复杂的细胞和因子网络中，蜕膜基质细胞（DSC）和滋养层细胞被赋予了重要作用。蜕膜化包括触发 DSC 产生许多因子的生化变化，这些因子对于胚胎着床和诱导母体免疫系统免疫耐受是必需的。免疫耐受是通过一系列严格控制的事件实现的，这些事件从免疫细胞选择性归巢到胎-母体部位开始，调节增殖，并主要分化为调节性免疫细胞。此外，由于类固醇激素、因子、细胞因子和抑制性受体的影响，细胞毒性效应功能降低。总的来说，母亲的整个免疫系统被切换到耐受功能状态，这是成功维持妊娠的前提。
