Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, NNC, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan.
J Environ Radioact. 2012 Nov;113:98-107. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.02.010. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
During the period of testing from 1945 to 1962 at the territory of Semipalatinsk test site (STS) within the Degelen Mountains in tunnels, 209 underground nuclear explosions were produced. Many of the tunnels have seasonal water seepage in the form of streams, through which tritium migrates from the underground nuclear explosion (UNE) venues towards the surface. The issue of tritium contamination occupies a special place in the radioactive contamination of the environment. In this paper we assess the level and distribution of tritium in the atmospheric air of ecosystems with water seepage at tunnels № 176 and № 177, located on "Degelen" site. There has been presented general nature of tritium distribution in the atmosphere relative to surface of a watercourse which has been contaminated with tritium. The basic mechanisms were studied for tritium distribution in the air of studied ecosystems, namely, the distribution of tritium in the systems: water-atmosphere, tunnel air-atmosphere, soil water-atmosphere, vegetation-atmosphere. An analytical calculation of tritium concentration in the atmosphere by the concentration of tritium in water has been performed. There has experimentally obtained the dependence for predictive assessment of tritium concentrations in air as a function of tritium concentration in one of the inlet sources such as water, tunnel air, soil water, vegetation, etc.. The paper also describes the general nature of tritium distribution in the air in the area "Degelen".
在 1945 年至 1962 年期间，在塞米巴拉金斯克试验场（STS）的德格伦山脉的隧道中进行了 209 次地下核爆炸。许多隧道都有季节性的水流渗漏，氚就是通过这些水流从地下核爆炸（UNE）场地迁移到地表的。氚污染问题在环境放射性污染中占有特殊地位。本文评估了位于“德格伦”地点的 176 号和 177 号隧道中，有水流渗漏的生态系统大气中氚的水平和分布。展示了相对于被氚污染的地表水流，氚在大气中的分布的一般性质。研究了研究生态系统空气中氚分布的基本机制，即：水-大气、隧道空气-大气、土壤水-大气、植被-大气系统中的氚分布。通过水中氚的浓度对大气中氚浓度进行了分析计算。通过实验获得了预测评估空气中氚浓度作为水中氚浓度、隧道空气、土壤水、植被等入口源之一函数的关系。本文还描述了德格伦地区空气中氚分布的一般性质。
