Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Trends Microbiol. 2012 Sep;20(9):411-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2012.05.002. Epub 2012 Jun 4.
Bacteria must segregate their DNA and position a septum to grow and divide. In many bacteria, MinD is involved in spatial regulation of the cytokinetic Z ring, and ParAs are involved in chromosome and plasmid segregation. The use of the MinD/ParA family to provide positional information for spatial organization continues to expand with the recognition that orphan ParAs are required for segregating cytoplasmic protein clusters and the polar localization of chemotaxis proteins, conjugative transfer machinery, type IV pili, and cellulose synthesis. Also, some bacteria lacking MinD use orphan ParAs to regulate cell division. Positioning of MinD/ParA proteins is either due to self-organization on a surface or reliance on a landmark protein that functions as a molecular beacon.
细菌必须对其 DNA 进行分隔，并形成隔膜以生长和分裂。在许多细菌中，MinD 参与细胞分裂 Z 环的空间调节，ParAs 参与染色体和质粒的分离。随着人们认识到孤儿 ParAs 对于分离细胞质蛋白簇和趋化蛋白、共轭转移机制、IV 型菌毛和纤维素合成的极性定位是必需的，MinD/ParA 家族被用于提供空间组织的位置信息的情况不断增加。此外，一些缺乏 MinD 的细菌利用孤儿 ParAs 来调节细胞分裂。MinD/ParA 蛋白的定位要么是由于在表面上的自我组织，要么是依赖于作为分子信标的地标蛋白。
