Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 2012 Sep;21(3):1491-7. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.04.007. Epub 2012 Jun 4.
Self-recognition by 86 children (14-52 months) was assessed using the mirror mark test in two different social contexts. In the classic mirror task condition, only the child was marked prior to mirror exposure (Classic condition). In the social norm condition, the child, experimenter, and accompanying parent were marked prior to the child's mirror exposure (Norm condition). Results indicate that in both conditions children pass the test in comparable proportion, with the same increase as a function of age. However, in the Norm condition, children displayed significantly more hesitation while removing the mark, often touching it without removing it or, if so, promptly putting the mark back onto their forehead. In the Classic condition, only one child showed such hesitation. These results suggest that from the outset, mirror self-recognition can refer to social awareness. This link is interpreted as the trademark of human self-consciousness, a deeply rooted "looking glass" self-awareness.
86 名儿童（14-52 个月）在两种不同的社会情境下使用镜像标记测试进行自我识别评估。在经典的镜像任务条件下，只有孩子在镜子暴露前被标记（经典条件）。在社会规范条件下，孩子、实验者和陪同的家长在孩子的镜子暴露前被标记（规范条件）。结果表明，在两种情况下，儿童通过测试的比例相当，且随年龄的增长呈相同的增加。然而，在规范条件下，孩子在去除标记时表现出明显更多的犹豫，常常触摸标记而不将其去除，或者，如果去除了，很快又将标记放回额头上。在经典条件下，只有一个孩子表现出这种犹豫。这些结果表明，从一开始，镜像自我识别就可以指向社会意识。这种联系被解释为人类自我意识的标志，一种根深蒂固的“镜子”自我意识。
