Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
Prev Vet Med. 2012 Nov 1;107(1-2):95-104. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.05.002. Epub 2012 Jun 4.
Campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported zoonosis in the EU. A recent report states that between 50% and 80% of the human campylobacteriosis cases could be attributed to broiler as a reservoir. The current study was conducted to investigate associations between the presence of Campylobacter spp. in Norwegian broiler flocks and factors related to the climate and the farm environment. Data from 18,488 broiler flocks from 623 different farms during 2002-2007 were included in the study. A logistic regression analysis was conducted where Campylobacter spp. status of a broiler flock at the time of slaughter was defined as the dependent variable and farm was modelled as a random effect. The following factors were found to increase the probability for a broiler flock to test positive for Campylobacter spp.: daily mean temperature above 6°C during the rearing period, private water supply, presence of other livestock farms within a distance of 2 km, presence of other broiler farms within a distance of 4 km with flocks positive for Campylobacter spp. within 30 days prior to slaughter, heavy rainfall 11-30 days prior to slaughter, region and year. Daily mean temperature below 0°C reduced the probability. The study emphasises the importance of the farm environment and the climate for the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks. The farm environment is probably a part of the Campylobacter spp. pathway into and between broiler flocks where farmyard run-off and humans or flies entering the houses might constitute vehicles transporting the organism. Fly activity is temperature-driven and flies might be a part of the explanation of the increased risk for Campylobacter spp. related to increased temperature demonstrated in the study.
弯曲菌病是欧盟最常报告的动物源传染病。最近的一份报告称，人类弯曲菌病病例中有 50%至 80%可能与肉鸡作为传染源有关。本研究旨在调查挪威肉鸡群中弯曲菌属的存在与气候和农场环境相关因素之间的关联。该研究纳入了 2002 年至 2007 年间来自 623 个不同农场的 18488 个肉鸡群的数据。采用逻辑回归分析，将屠宰时肉鸡群中弯曲菌属的状态定义为因变量，并将农场建模为随机效应。研究发现，以下因素增加了肉鸡群检测出弯曲菌属阳性的可能性：饲养期内日平均温度高于 6°C、私人供水、距离 2 公里内有其他牲畜养殖场、距离 4 公里内有其他肉鸡养殖场，且在屠宰前 30 天内该养殖场的肉鸡群检测出弯曲菌属阳性、屠宰前 11-30 天内大雨、地区和年份。日平均温度低于 0°C 则降低了这种可能性。本研究强调了农场环境和气候对肉鸡群中弯曲菌属发生的重要性。农场环境可能是弯曲菌属进入和在肉鸡群中传播的途径之一，其中养殖场径流和进入鸡舍的人类或苍蝇可能是携带该病原体的媒介。苍蝇的活动受温度驱动，研究中表明，温度升高与弯曲菌属相关的风险增加有关，而苍蝇可能是这一现象的部分解释。
