Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, UCSD Medical Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Ann Emerg Med. 2012 Oct;60(4):399-414. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.04.010. Epub 2012 Jun 6.
We performed a systematic review of the evidence supporting various treatments for envenomation by jellyfish (cnidarian) and related organisms in North America and Hawaii. Our review produced 19 pertinent primary articles. Current research demonstrates variable response to treatment, often with conflicting results according to species studied, which contributes to considerable confusion about what treatment is warranted and efficacious. Our review suggests that vinegar causes pain exacerbation or nematocyst discharge in the majority of species. Hot water and topical lidocaine appear more widely beneficial in improving pain symptoms and are preferentially recommended. Unfortunately, they may be difficult to obtain at the site of envenomation, such as the beach or diving sites. In these instances, removing the nematocysts and washing the area with saltwater may be considered. If the envenomation is thought to be due to the bluebottle (Physalia), vinegar may be beneficial.
我们对北美的水母（刺胞动物）和相关生物蜇伤的各种治疗方法的证据进行了系统评价。我们的综述产生了 19 篇相关的原始文章。目前的研究表明，治疗效果存在差异，而且根据研究的物种不同，结果往往相互矛盾，这导致对于哪种治疗方法有效存在相当大的困惑。我们的综述表明，醋会导致大多数物种的疼痛加剧或刺细胞排放。热水和局部利多卡因似乎更广泛地有益于改善疼痛症状，因此被优先推荐。不幸的是，它们可能很难在蜇伤部位获得，例如海滩或潜水点。在这种情况下，可以考虑去除刺细胞并用盐水冲洗该区域。如果认为蜇伤是由蓝瓶（Physalia）引起的，醋可能是有益的。
