Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
Key Laboratory of Biosafety Defense (Naval Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
Med Sci Monit. 2024 Jul 29;30:e944265. doi: 10.12659/MSM.944265.
With the surge in the human coastal population and the increasing frequency of human activities along the coast, cases of marine envenomation, particularly jellyfish envenomation, have notably risen. Jellyfish stings can induce a spectrum of symptoms that vary in severity, encompassing skin injuries, acute systemic venom effects, delayed indirect sequelae, and even fatality, causing significant distress to patients. Among these manifestations, the occurrence of skin lesions following jellyfish stings is prevalent and substantial. These lesions are characterized by evident blister formation, development of bullae, subcutaneous hemorrhage, erythema, papules, wheal, ecchymosis, and ulceration or skin necrosis. Local cutaneous manifestations may persist for several weeks or even months after the initial sting. Despite aggressive treatment, many skin injuries still result in significant pigmentation or scarring after recovery. To address this issue effectively, it is imperative to conduct comprehensive evidence-based medical research, elucidate various components within jellyfish venom, and elucidate its pathogenic mechanism to develop targeted treatment programs. This article aims to review the skin symptoms, pathophysiology, and management of jellyfish stings. Such considerations can provide comprehensive guidance to medical professionals and the public and minimize the harm caused by jellyfish stings.
随着沿海地区人口的增加和人类活动频率的增加，海洋中毒事件，特别是水母中毒事件显著增加。水母蜇伤可引起一系列不同严重程度的症状，包括皮肤损伤、急性全身毒液作用、延迟间接后遗症，甚至死亡，给患者带来极大的痛苦。在这些表现中，水母蜇伤后皮肤损伤的发生率很高。这些病变的特征是明显的水疱形成、大疱形成、皮下出血、红斑、丘疹、风团、瘀斑和溃疡或皮肤坏死。初始蜇伤后，局部皮肤表现可能持续数周甚至数月。尽管进行了积极的治疗，但许多皮肤损伤在恢复后仍会出现明显的色素沉着或瘢痕。为了有效解决这个问题，必须进行全面的基于证据的医学研究，阐明水母毒液中的各种成分及其发病机制，以制定有针对性的治疗方案。本文旨在综述水母蜇伤的皮肤症状、病理生理学和处理。这些考虑可以为医务人员和公众提供全面的指导，最大限度地减少水母蜇伤造成的危害。
