University of California Berkeley, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA;
IMA Fungus. 2011 Dec;2(2):113-20. doi: 10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.02.01. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
Some fungi with pleomorphic life-cycles still bear two names despite more than 20 years of molecular phylogenetics that have shown how to merge the two systems of classification, the asexual "Deuteromycota" and the sexual "Eumycota". Mycologists have begun to flout nomenclatorial regulations and use just one name for one fungus. The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) must change to accommodate current practice or become irrelevant. The fundamental difference in the size of fungi and plants had a role in the origin of dual nomenclature and continues to hinder the development of an ICBN that fully accommodates microscopic fungi. A nomenclatorial crisis also looms due to environmental sequencing, which suggests that most fungi will have to be named without a physical specimen. Mycology may need to break from the ICBN and create a MycoCode to account for fungi known only from environmental nucleic acid sequence (i.e. ENAS fungi).
尽管 20 多年的分子系统发生学已经表明如何合并分类系统中的无性“半知菌类”和有性“真菌界”，但仍有一些生活史多态的真菌保留两个名称。真菌学家已经开始无视命名法规，只用一个名称来指代一个真菌。国际植物命名法规（ICBN）必须改变以适应当前的做法，否则将变得无关紧要。真菌和植物大小的根本差异在双名法的起源中起了作用，并继续阻碍了一个完全容纳微观真菌的 ICBN 的发展。由于环境测序，命名危机也迫在眉睫，这表明大多数真菌将不得不仅凭其核酸序列来命名，而无需实物标本。真菌学可能需要脱离 ICBN 并创建一个 MycoCode，以说明仅从环境核酸序列（即 ENAS 真菌）中已知的真菌。
