Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Stud Mycol. 2006;55:235-53. doi: 10.3114/sim.55.1.235.
Botryosphaeria is a species-rich genus with a cosmopolitan distribution, commonly associated with dieback and cankers of woody plants. As many as 18 anamorph genera have been associated with Botryosphaeria, most of which have been reduced to synonymy under Diplodia (conidia mostly ovoid, pigmented, thick-walled), or Fusicoccum (conidia mostly fusoid, hyaline, thin-walled). However, there are numerous conidial anamorphs having morphological characteristics intermediate between Diplodia and Fusicoccum, and there are several records of species outside the Botryosphaeriaceae that have anamorphs apparently typical of Botryosphaeria s.str. Recent studies have also linked Botryosphaeria to species with pigmented, septate ascospores, and Dothiorella anamorphs, or Fusicoccum anamorphs with Dichomera synanamorphs. The aim of this study was to employ DNA sequence data of the 28S rDNA to resolve apparent lineages within the Botryosphaeriaceae. From these data, 12 clades are recognised. Two of these lineages clustered outside the Botryosphaeriaceae, namely Diplodia-like anamorphs occurring on maize, which are best accommodated in Stenocarpella (Diaporthales), as well as an unresolved clade including species of Camarosporium/Microdiplodia. We recognise 10 lineages within the Botryosphaeriaceae, including an unresolved clade (Diplodia/Lasiodiplodia/Tiarosporella), Botryosphaeria s.str. (Fusicoccum anamorphs), Macrophomina, Neoscytalidium gen. nov., Dothidotthia (Dothiorella anamorphs), Neofusicoccum gen. nov. (Botryosphaeria-like teleomorphs, Dichomera-like synanamorphs), Pseudofusicoccum gen. nov., Saccharata (Fusicoccum- and Diplodia-like synanamorphs), "Botryosphaeria" quercuum (Diplodia-like anamorph), and Guignardia (Phyllosticta anamorphs). Separate teleomorph and anamorph names are not provided for newly introduced genera, even where both morphs are known. The taxonomy of some clades and isolates (e.g. B. mamane) remains unresolved due to the absence of ex-type cultures.
球腔菌属是一个物种丰富的属，分布广泛，通常与木本植物的枯萎和溃疡有关。有多达 18 个无性型属与球腔菌属有关，其中大多数在 Diplodia 下（分生孢子大多为卵形、有色、厚壁）或 Fusicoccum 下（分生孢子大多为梭形、透明、薄壁）被归为同义词。然而，有许多分生孢子无性型具有介于 Diplodia 和 Fusicoccum 之间的形态特征，并且有几个记录表明，在 Botryosphaeriaceae 之外的物种具有显然是 Botryosphaeria s.str. 的无性型。最近的研究还将 Botryosphaeria 与具有有色、有隔子囊孢子的物种以及 Dothiorella 无性型或 Fusicoccum 无性型与 Dichomera 同型无性型联系起来。本研究旨在利用 28S rDNA 的 DNA 序列数据来解决 Botryosphaeriaceae 中的明显谱系。从这些数据中，识别出 12 个分支。其中两个谱系聚集在 Botryosphaeriaceae 之外，即发生在玉米上的类似 Diplodia 的无性型，最好归入 Stenocarpella（Diaporthales），以及包括 Camarosporium/Microdiplodia 物种的未解决分支。我们在 Botryosphaeriaceae 中识别出 10 个谱系，包括一个未解决的分支（Diplodia/Lasiodiplodia/Tiarosporella）、Botryosphaeria s.str.（Fusicoccum 无性型）、Macrophomina、Neoscytalidium 属新属、Dothidotthia（Dothiorella 无性型）、Neofusicoccum 属新属（Botryosphaeria 似的有性型，Dichomera 似的同型无性型）、Pseudofusicoccum 属新属、Saccharata（Fusicoccum 和 Diplodia 似的同型无性型）、"Botryosphaeria" quercuum（类似 Diplodia 的无性型）和 Guignardia（Phyllosticta 无性型）。即使已知两种形态，也不为新引入的属提供单独的有性型和无性型名称。由于缺乏外模式培养物，某些分支和分离物（如 B. mamane）的分类仍然没有解决。
