Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhaga 2-6, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Jul 17;46(14):7782-9. doi: 10.1021/es300372h. Epub 2012 Jun 27.
The Water Safety Plan (WSP) methodology, which aims to enhance safety of drinking water supplies, has been recommended by the World Health Organization since 2004. WSPs are now used worldwide and are legally required in several countries. However, there is limited systematic evidence available demonstrating the effectiveness of WSPs on water quality and health. Iceland was one of the first countries to legislate the use of WSPs, enabling the analysis of more than a decade of data on impact of WSP. The objective was to determine the impact of WSP implementation on regulatory compliance, microbiological water quality, and incidence of clinical cases of diarrhea. Surveillance data on water quality and diarrhea were collected and analyzed. The results show that HPC (heterotrophic plate counts), representing microbiological growth in the water supply system, decreased statistically significant with fewer incidents of HPC exceeding 10 cfu per mL in samples following WSP implementation and noncompliance was also significantly reduced (p < 0.001 in both cases). A significant decrease in incidence of diarrhea was detected where a WSP was implemented, and, furthermore, the results indicate that population where WSP has been implemented is 14% less likely to develop clinical cases of diarrhea.
水安全计划（WSP）方法旨在提高饮用水供应的安全性，自 2004 年以来一直受到世界卫生组织的推荐。WSP 现在在全球范围内使用，并在几个国家被法律要求使用。然而，关于 WSP 对水质和健康的有效性的系统证据有限。冰岛是最早立法使用 WSP 的国家之一，这使得对 WSP 影响的十多年数据进行分析成为可能。目的是确定 WSP 实施对法规遵从性、微生物水质和腹泻临床病例发生率的影响。收集和分析了水质和腹泻监测数据。结果表明，代表供水系统中微生物生长的 HPC（异养平板计数）在 WSP 实施后，样本中超过每毫升 10 cfu 的 HPC 事件数量显著减少，且不符合规定的情况也显著减少（两种情况下均为 p < 0.001）。实施 WSP 的地方腹泻发病率显著下降，此外，结果表明，实施 WSP 的人群发生腹泻临床病例的可能性降低 14%。
