Roads & Urban Development Administration of Khorasan Razavi Province, Mashhad, Iran.
Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2013;20(2):121-33. doi: 10.1080/17457300.2012.692694. Epub 2012 Jun 11.
Several studies have investigated road traffic deaths, but few have compared by road user type. Iran, with an estimated 44 road traffic deaths per 100,000 population in 2002 had higher road traffic deaths than any other country for which reliable estimates can be made. So, the present study was conducted on road death data and identified fatal accident distribution by age, gender and head injury as well as the influences of age and gender on deaths at accident scenes for all road user groups. Data used in this study are on fatal road accidents recorded by forensic medicine experts of the Khorasan Razavi province in Mashhad, the capital of the province, the second largest city and the largest place of pilgrimage, immigration and tourism in Iran. Chi-square test and odds ratio were used to identify the relation of death place with age and gender in 2495 fatal road accidents from 2006 to 2009. The t-test and analysis of variance were employed for continues variable, age, to compare males' and females' mean age for all road user categories. For two genders, all three groups of fatalities (pedestrian, motorcyclist and motor vehicle occupant) had a peak at the ages of 21-30. The youngest were male motorcyclists (mean age = 28). Old pedestrians were included in road deaths very much, too. Male/female overall ratio was 3.41 and the highest male/female ratio was related to motorcyclists (14). The overall ratio of head injury to other organ injuries (torso and underbody) was 2.51 and pedestrians had the largest amount of head injury (38.2%). Regarding death at accident scene, for all road users, gender did not have any significant relation with death at the scene (P-value > 0.1); on the contrary, age had significant relation (P-value < 0.05). Females were more vulnerable at accident scenes (male/female ratio at accident sense < 1). Pedestrians aged 21-30, motorcyclists 41-50 and motor vehicle occupants 31-40 died the most at accident scenes. Identifying the most endangered groups of road accident fatalities, which was conducted in this study, is invaluable for the appropriate design of prevention strategies and allocation of financial resources for each group of road user fatalities - since in developing nations, there are insufficient financial resources to traffic safety and we should consider superiorities, i.e. the most risky groups. Steps which may contribute to safety promotion for local conditions include suitable facilities for old pedestrians, a training course before obtaining motorcycle license for motorcyclists, informing young road users by provincial media about death risk of road users and improving management of the head-injured patients. Finally, suggestions for future researches were made.
已有多项研究针对道路交通死亡事故展开调查，但鲜少针对不同道路使用者类型进行比较。伊朗 2002 年每 10 万人中有 44 人死于道路交通事故，高于其他任何可获得可靠估计数据的国家。因此，本研究对道路死亡数据进行了分析，确定了各年龄组、性别和头部受伤者的致命事故分布情况，并确定了年龄和性别对所有道路使用者群体事故现场死亡的影响。本研究使用的是伊朗霍拉桑拉扎维省法医专家在马什哈德（该省首府、第二大城市和最大的朝圣、移民和旅游地）记录的致命道路事故数据。2006 年至 2009 年期间，卡方检验和优势比用于确定 2495 例致命道路事故死亡地点与年龄和性别的关系。对于所有道路使用者类别，t 检验和方差分析用于比较男性和女性的平均年龄（连续变量，年龄）。对于两种性别，所有三组（行人、骑摩托车者和汽车乘客）的死亡人数都在 21-30 岁达到高峰。最年轻的是男性骑摩托车者（平均年龄为 28 岁）。老年人也经常死于道路事故。男女总体比例为 3.41，男女比例最高的与骑摩托车者有关（14）。头部受伤与其他器官受伤（躯干和下身）的总体比例为 2.51，行人头部受伤最多（38.2%）。关于事故现场的死亡，对于所有道路使用者，性别与现场死亡无显著关系（P 值>0.1）；相反，年龄有显著关系（P 值<0.05）。女性在事故现场更脆弱（事故现场男女比例<1）。21-30 岁的行人、41-50 岁的骑摩托车者和 31-40 岁的汽车乘客在事故现场死亡最多。本研究确定了道路事故死亡的最危险群体，这对于为每个道路使用者群体的死亡制定适当的预防策略和分配财政资源具有重要意义-因为在发展中国家，交通安全的财政资源不足，我们应该考虑优势，即最危险的群体。可能有助于促进当地安全的措施包括为老年行人提供合适的设施、为骑摩托车者在获得驾照前提供培训课程、通过省级媒体向年轻道路使用者告知道路使用者的死亡风险以及改善头部受伤患者的管理。最后，提出了对未来研究的建议。
