Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA.
Semin Nucl Med. 2012 Jul;42(4):221-30. doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2012.02.002.
Positron emission tomography (PET) has revolutionized cancer imaging. The current workhorse of molecular imaging, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET is used in the majority of malignant tumors with a few exceptions. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of those exceptions because of its variable uptake of FDG, although this variable uptake may actually be an asset in predicting response to some targeted agents, as will be discussed later. Beyond FDG, there is only scattered information in the literature on the use of PET in RCC. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of PET usage in RCC and point out its potentials and future directions. We will start with a brief overview of the demographics, molecular pathogenesis, and evolving treatment strategies in RCC because this information is essential for better understanding of uptake of various PET radiotracers in this cancer and their indications. This will be followed by discussing the role of PET in characterization of indeterminate renal masses, in staging and restaging of RCC, and, finally, in predicting and monitoring therapy response. Each of these 3 areas of PET usage will include the relevant radiotracers currently in use or in development.
正电子发射断层扫描（PET）已经彻底改变了癌症成像。作为目前分子成像的主力，氟代脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET 被广泛应用于大多数恶性肿瘤，只有少数例外。肾细胞癌（RCC）就是其中之一，因为其 FDG 摄取具有可变性，尽管这种可变性实际上可能有助于预测对某些靶向药物的反应，后面将对此进行讨论。除了 FDG 之外，关于 PET 在 RCC 中的应用，文献中只有零散的信息。本综述的目的是总结目前 PET 在 RCC 中的应用现状，并指出其潜力和未来方向。我们将首先简要概述 RCC 的人口统计学、分子发病机制和不断发展的治疗策略，因为这些信息对于更好地理解这种癌症中各种 PET 放射性示踪剂的摄取及其适应证至关重要。接下来将讨论 PET 在确定肾脏肿块性质、RCC 的分期和再分期，以及最终预测和监测治疗反应中的作用。这三个 PET 应用领域中的每一个都将包括当前正在使用或正在开发的相关放射性示踪剂。
