INRA, UR407 Pathologie Végétale, Domaine Saint Maurice, Montfavet, France.
Adv Virus Res. 2012;84:127-62. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394314-9.00004-X.
Compared to other vegetable crops, the major viral constraints affecting pepper crops in the Mediterranean basin have been remarkably stable for the past 20 years. Among these viruses, the most prevalent ones are the seed-transmitted tobamoviruses; the aphid-transmitted Potato virus Y and Tobacco etch virus of the genus Potyvirus, and Cucumber mosaic virus member of the genus Cucumovirus; and thrips-transmitted tospoviruses. The last major viral emergence concerns the tospovirus Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), which has undergone major outbreaks since the end of the 1980s and the worldwide dispersal of the thrips vector Frankliniella occidentalis from the western part of the USA. TSWV outbreaks in the Mediterranean area might have been the result of both viral introductions from Northern America and local reemergence of indigenous TSWV isolates. In addition to introductions of new viruses, resistance breakdowns constitute the second case of viral emergences. Notably, the pepper resistance gene Tsw toward TSWV has broken down a few years after its deployment in several Mediterranean countries while there has been an expansion of L³-resistance breaking pepper mild mottle tobamovirus isolates. Beyond the agronomical and economical concerns induced by the breakdowns of virus resistance genes in pepper, they also constitute original models to understand plant-virus interactions and (co)evolution.
与其他蔬菜作物相比，过去 20 年来，影响地中海地区辣椒作物的主要病毒限制因素一直非常稳定。在这些病毒中，最常见的是种传烟草花叶病毒；蚜虫传播的马铃薯 Y 病毒和烟草蚀纹病毒属的 Potyvirus，以及黄瓜花叶病毒属的 Cucumovirus；和蓟马传播的番茄斑萎病毒。最近一次主要的病毒爆发涉及到番茄斑萎病毒（TSWV），自 20 世纪 80 年代末以来，该病毒在美国西部的西方烟粉虱的全球传播，已经发生了重大爆发。地中海地区的 TSWV 爆发可能是由于北美的病毒传入和本地 TSWV 分离物的重新出现。除了新病毒的引入外，抗性崩溃构成了病毒爆发的第二种情况。值得注意的是，在几个地中海国家部署 Tsw 辣椒对 TSWV 的抗性基因几年后就失效了，而 L³ 抗性打破的辣椒轻度斑驳烟草花叶病毒分离物却在扩张。除了辣椒病毒抗性基因失效引起的农业和经济问题外，它们还构成了理解植物-病毒相互作用和（共）进化的原始模型。
