Istituto di Virologia Vegetale-CNR, Strada delle Cacce, Torino, Italy.
Adv Virus Res. 2012;84:403-37. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394314-9.00012-9.
Tospoviruses are among the most serious threats to vegetable crops in the Mediterranean basin. Tospovirus introduction, spread, and the diseases these viruses cause have been traced by epidemiological case studies. Recent research has centered on the close relationship between tospoviruses and their arthropod vectors (species of the Thripidae family). Here, we review several specific features of tospovirus-thrips associations in the Mediterranean. Since the introduction of Frankliniella occidentalis in Europe, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has become one of the limiting factors for vegetable crops such as tomato, pepper, and lettuce. An increasing problem is the emergence of TSWV resistance-breaking strains that overcome the resistance genes in pepper and tomato. F. occidentalis is also a vector of Impatiens necrotic spot virus, which was first observed in the Mediterranean basin in the 1980s. Its importance as a cause of vegetable crop diseases is limited to occasional incidence in pepper and tomato fields. A recent introduction is Iris yellow spot virus, transmitted by the onion thrips Thrips tabaci, in onion and leek crops. Control measures in vegetable crops specific to Mediterranean conditions were examined in the context of their epidemiological features and tospovirus species which could pose a future potential risk for vegetable crops in the Mediterranean were discussed.
双生病毒是地中海地区蔬菜作物最严重的威胁之一。通过流行病学案例研究可以追溯到双生病毒的引入、传播以及这些病毒引起的疾病。最近的研究集中在双生病毒与其节肢动物载体（蓟马科的物种）之间的密切关系上。在这里，我们回顾了地中海地区双生病毒-蓟马关系的几个具体特征。自从西方花蓟马在欧洲引入以来，番茄斑萎病毒（TSWV）已成为番茄、辣椒和生菜等蔬菜作物的限制因素之一。一个日益严重的问题是，TSWV 抗性突破株的出现克服了辣椒和番茄中的抗性基因。西方花蓟马也是坏死斑点病毒的载体，这种病毒于 20 世纪 80 年代在地中海地区首次被观察到。它作为蔬菜作物病害的重要性仅限于偶尔在辣椒和番茄田中发生。最近引入的是由洋葱蓟马传播的鸢尾黄点病毒，在洋葱和韭菜作物中。根据其流行病学特征和可能对地中海地区蔬菜作物造成未来潜在风险的双生病毒种类，对地中海地区蔬菜作物的具体控制措施进行了检查。
